Census of Population and Housing, 2000 [United States]: Public Use Microdata Sample: 5-Percent Sample

These Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) files contain records representing a 5-percent sample of the occupied and vacant housing units in the United States and the people in the occupied units. People living in group quarters also are included. The files provide individual weights for persons and housing units, which when applied to the individual records, expand the sample to the relevant totals. Some of the items on the housing record are acreage, agricultural sales, allocation flags for housing items, bedrooms, condominium fee, contract rent, cost of utilities, family income in 1999, family, subfamily, and relationship recodes, farm residence, fire, hazard, and flood insurance, fuels used, gross rent, heating fuel, household income in 1999, household type, housing unit weight, kitchen facilities, linguistic isolation, meals included in rent, mobile home costs, mortgage payment, mortgage status, plumbing facilities, presence and age of own children, presence of subfamilies in household, real estate taxes, number of rooms, selected monthly owner costs, size of building (units in structure), state code, telephone service, tenure, vacancy status, value (of housing unit), vehicles available, year householder moved into unit, and year structure built. Some of the items on the person record are ability to speak English, age, allocation flags for population items, ancestry, citizenship, class of worker, disability status, earnings in 1999, educational attainment, grandparents as caregivers, Hispanic origin, hours worked, income in 1999 by type, industry, language spoken at home, marital status, means of transportation to work, migration Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), migration state, mobility status, veteran period of service, years of military service, occupation, persons weight, personal care limitation, place of birth, place of work PUMA, place of work state, poverty status in 1999, race, relationship, school enrollment and type of school, time of departure for work, travel time to work, vehicle occupancy, weeks worked in 1999, work limitation status, work status in 1999, and year of entry. The Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) files contain geographic units known as Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs) and super-Public Use Microdata Areas (super-PUMAs). To maintain the confidentiality of the PUMS data, minimum population thresholds are set for PUMAs and super-PUMAs. For the 1-percent state-level files, the super-PUMAs contain a minimum population of 400,000 and are composed of a PUMA or a group of contiguous PUMAs delineated on the 5-percent state-level PUMS files. Super-PUMAs are a new geographic entity for Census 2000. The 5-percent state-level files contain PUMAs, each having a minimum population of 100,000, and corresponding super-PUMA codes. Each state is separately identified and may be comprised of one or more super-PUMAs or PUMAs. Large metropolitan areas may be subdivided into super-PUMAs and PUMAs. PUMAs and super-PUMAs do not cross state lines. Super-PUMAs and PUMAs also are defined for place of residence on April 1, 1995, and place of work.

本公共用途微观数据样本（PUMS）文件包含代表美国占用和空置住房单位5%样本的记录，以及占用单位中的居民信息。此外，居住在集体宿舍的人员亦被纳入统计。文件提供了个人和住房单位的权重，当将这些权重应用于个体记录时，样本得以扩展至相关的总体数据。住房记录中的部分项目包括土地面积、农业销售、住房项目的分配标志、卧室数量、公寓费用、合同租金、公用事业费用、1999年家庭收入、家庭、子家庭和亲属关系编码、农场居住地、火灾、灾害和洪水保险、使用的燃料、总租金、供暖燃料、1999年家庭收入、家庭类型、住房单位权重、厨房设施、语言隔离、租金中包含的餐食、移动房屋成本、按揭付款、按揭状态、管道设施、自有子女的存在和年龄、家庭中子家庭的存在、房地产税、房间数量、选中月份业主成本、建筑规模（结构中的单元）、州代码、电话服务、租期、空置状态、住房单位的价值、可用车辆、户主搬入单位年份、建筑建造年份。个人记录中的部分项目包括英语口语能力、年龄、人口项目的分配标志、血统、公民身份、工人阶级、残疾状态、1999年收入、教育成就、祖父母作为照顾者、西班牙语裔起源、工作时间、1999年收入类型、行业、家庭中使用的语言、婚姻状态、上下班交通工具、公共用途微观数据区域（PUMA）的迁移、迁移州、流动性状态、退伍军人服役期、军事服役年数、职业、个人权重、个人护理限制、出生地、工作地PUMA、工作地州、1999年的贫困状态、种族、亲属关系、学校注册和学校类型、出发上班时间、上下班通勤时间、车辆占用率、1999年工作周数、工作限制状态、1999年的工作状态、以及进入年份。公共用途微观数据样本（PUMS）文件包含被称为公共用途微观数据区域（PUMA）和超级公共用途微观数据区域（super-PUMA）的地理单元。为维护PUMS数据的机密性，为PUMA和super-PUMA设定了最低人口阈值。对于1%的州级文件，超级PUMA包含至少40万人口，由一个PUMA或一组连续的PUMA组成，这些PUMA在5%的州级PUMS文件上划定。超级PUMA是2000年人口普查的新地理实体。5%的州级文件包含PUMA，每个PUMA至少有10万人口，并对应有超级PUMA代码。每个州都是独立标识的，可能包含一个或多个超级PUMA或PUMA。大都市区可能被细分为超级PUMA和PUMA。PUMA和super-PUMA还定义了1995年4月1日的居住地和工作地。