Influence of macrofauna species richness, abundance, biomass, and bioturbation on the variability in ecosystem processes and properties in recovering and undisturbed sediments.

All distance based models were performed with 4999 random permutations. SS, explained sum of squares of the model; F, pseudo-F statistic; p, significance level; R2, the proportion of variance in the model which is explained by the predictor; AIC, Akaike’s information criterion. The best model for each process according to AIC is shown on top. Total model sum of squares: *152.64, †5998, ‡14732, **71049, ††1.024 109, ‡‡55.369; unexplained sum of squares of the model = SStotal – SSmodel. For details on the process measurements and assessments: see Methods.