Characteristics of the studied population consisting of AIDS patients with or without HAD.

N.A., not applicable; HAD, HIV-1-associated dementia; IDU, injecting drug user.1Mann Whitney test.2Time to develop HAD after AIDS diagnosis among the cases was compared to the time from AIDS diagnosis to death or to start cART in the control group.3unpaired t test.4CD4+ T cell counts within 6 months to the date of AIDS diagnosis.5Fisher's exact test.