The role of Trees of Fragmenting Granules (TFG) in the formation of the solar supergranulation: a comparison between the MHD simulation and three Hinode observations

We present an exceptional scientific dataset allowing to investigate the structure and evolution of the interior of the solar supergranulation cells. Trees of Fragmenting Granules (TFG) and associated horizontal flows were evidenced from a 27 H MHD numerical simulation and 3 sequences from Hinode (JAXA/NASA) observations, respectively of 48 H, 25 H and 24 H duration, at disk centre (in 2007, 2013 and 2014). The simulation and observations are in agreement and show that the TFG generate horizontal flows (less than 1 km/s) with lifetime of a few hours over a scale of 10 arcsec (the mesogranulation pattern). These flows act on the diffusion of the intra-network magnetic elements. We introduced corks in the flow and they migrate towards the cell boundaries. Hence, the TFG appear as one of the major agent involved in supergranular cell formation and evolution. Scientific data are available in FITS format for processing, and some MP4 movies illustrate what we did.