Supplementary Information files for "Characterisation of particle-surface interactions via anharmonic acoustic transduction"

These are the SI files for the article "Characterisation of particle-surface interactions via anharmonic acoustic transduction".Abstract:Most transduction methods for measuring particle-surface interactions are unable to differentiate the strength of interaction and largely reliant on extensive washing to reduce the ubiquitous non-specific background. Label-based methods, in particular, are limited in wide applicability due to their inherent operational complexity. On the other hand, label-free force-spectroscopic methods that can differentiate particle-surface interaction strength are skill-demanding and time-consuming. Here, we present a label-free anharmonic (nonlinear) acoustic transduction method employing the quartz crystal resonator that reads out ligand-receptor binding based on the interaction strength. We show that while stronger specific interactions are transduced more strongly, and in linear proportionality to the ligand concentration on microparticles, non-specific interactions are significantly attenuated. This allows ligand quantification with high specificity and sensitivity in realtime under flow without separate washing steps. Constructing an analytical model of a quartz resonator, we can relate the number and type (specific vs. non-specific) of ligand-receptor interactions with the change in characteristic nonlinearity coefficient of the resonator. The entirely-electronic and microfluidic-integrable transduction method could potentially allow a simple, fast and reliable way for characterising particle-surface interactions with economy of scale.

本数据集包含了论文《通过非谐波声学转换表征粒子-表面相互作用》的SI文件。摘要：目前，测量粒子-表面相互作用的转换方法大多无法区分相互作用的强度，且在很大程度上依赖于大量洗涤以降低普遍存在的非特异性背景。基于标签的方法，尤其是由于其固有的操作复杂性，在广泛应用方面受到限制。另一方面，能够区分粒子-表面相互作用强度的无标签力光谱方法，既需要专业技能又耗时费力。在此，我们提出了一种利用石英晶体谐振器进行无标签非谐波（非线性）声学转换的方法，该方法基于相互作用强度读取配体-受体结合。我们发现，更强的特异性相互作用被更强地转换，并且与微粒子上的配体浓度呈线性比例，而非特异性相互作用则显著减弱。这使得在实时流动下，无需单独洗涤步骤即可进行配体的定量分析，具有高特异性和灵敏度。通过构建石英谐振器的分析模型，我们可以将配体-受体相互作用的数量和类型（特异性与非特异性）与谐振器特征非线性系数的变化联系起来。完全电子化和微流控集成的转换方法有可能实现一种简单、快速且可靠的表征粒子-表面相互作用的方法，并具有规模经济的优势。