Supplementary Material for: Sense of Purpose in Life and Markers of Hearing Function: Replicated Associations across Two Longitudinal Cohorts

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> A sense of purpose in life is a psychological resource that is associated with healthier outcomes. The present research examines whether a greater sense of purpose in life is associated with subjective and objective markers of hearing health and whether hearing acuity contributes to the association between purpose and episodic memory. We sought to evaluate whether these associations were replicable across 2 independent samples. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Participants in the Health and Retirement Study (<i>N</i> = 14,291) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (<i>N</i> = 8,844) reported on their purpose in life and perceived hearing quality at baseline. Hearing acuity was measured using an audiometer 2–4 years later, and episodic memory was measured at baseline and 6–8 years later. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In both samples, higher purpose in life was associated with better hearing quality measured concurrently, lower risk of either subjective or objective hearing impairment, and hearing acuity accounted for some of the longitudinal relation between sense of purpose and better episodic memory. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> Across samples, measures, and analytical approaches, the present research indicates replicable associations between sense of purpose in life and hearing health. It further indicates that hearing may be one factor that associates purpose with better episodic memory.