Cross-latitude behaviours in an adult damselfly Calopteryx splendens

The study organism was the temperate damselfly Calopteryx splendens. The behavioural expressions along 3 latitudinal regions was studied and a body size was measured. Activity (patrol flights and male chases) was the only behaviour feature positively associated with latitudinal gradient. Courtship effort was highest in the central region, whereas boldness (immobility, time to return and first move) values were highest in the north but did not differ between central and south. In the southern region, an activity–boldness and a courtship—boldness syndrome were present, and in the northern region, only an activity–boldness syndrome was found.