Structural Members in RC Frames Using Meta-Heuristic Method

Water resources have long been a critical global concern due to their limited availability and vital role in human civilization—issues exacerbated by population growth and economic development. Among the sectors with significant indirect water consumption is the construction industry. This study investigates the relationship between structural weight and virtual water consumption in buildings with Intermediate Reinforced Concrete Moment-Resisting Frames. Using a multi-objective optimization approach with weight and virtual water as the objective functions, the Grey Wolf Optimizer was employed.