Supplementary tables S5, S7, S9, S10, original protein models fasta files used for alignments, aligned and manually curated protein modes files used for phylogenies (PHYLIP format), and phylogenetic trees of plant cell wall decomposition gene families from 44 basidiomycete genomes (.tre files)

Litter-decomposing Agaricales play key role in terrestrial carbon cycling,
but little is known about their decomposition mechanisms. We assembled
datasets of 42 gene families involved in plant-cell-wall decomposition
from seven newly sequenced litter decomposers and 35 other Agaricomycotina
members, mostly white-rot and brown-rot species. Using sequence similarity
and phylogenetics, we split the families into phylogroups and compared
their gene composition across nutritional strategies. Subsequently, we
used Raman spectroscopy to examine the ability of litter decomposers,
white-rot fungi, and brown-rot fungi to decompose crystalline cellulose.
Both litter decomposers and white-rot fungi share the enzymatic cellulose
decomposition, whereas brown-rot fungi possess a distinct mechanism that
disrupts cellulose crystallinity. However, litter decomposers and
white-rot fungi differ with respect to hemicellulose and lignin
degradation phylogroups, suggesting adaptation of the former group to the
litter environment. Litter decomposers show high phylogroup diversity,
which is indicative of high functional versatility within the group,
whereas a set of white-rot species shows adaptation to bulk-wood
decomposition. In both groups, we detected species that have unique
characteristics associated with hitherto unknown adaptations to diverse
wood and litter substrates. Our results suggest that the terms white-rot
fungi and litter decomposers mask a much larger functional diversity.