Global land and ocean temperature anomalies 1880-2023

Since the 1980s, the annual temperature departure from average has been consistently positive. In 2023, the global land and ocean surface temperature anomaly stood at 1.19 degrees Celsius above the 20th century average, the largest recorded across the displayed period.What are temperature anomalies? Temperature anomalies represent the difference from an average or baseline temperature. Positive anomalies show that the observed temperature was warmer than the baseline, whereas a negative anomaly indicates that the observed temperature was lower than baseline. Land surface temperature anomalies are generally higher than ocean anomalies, although the exact reasons behind this phenomenon are still under debate. Temperature anomalies are generally more important in the study of climate change than absolute temperature, as they are less affected by factors such as station location and elevation. A warming planetThe warmest years on record have been recorded over the past decade, with the highest anomaly recorded in 2023. Global warming has been greatly driven by increased emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Climate change is also evident in the declining extent of sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere. Weather dynamics can affect regional temperatures and – therefore – the level of warming can vary around the world. For instance, warming trends and ice loss are most obvious in the Arctic region when compared to Antarctica.

自1980年代以来，年度气温偏差始终呈正值。至2023年，全球陆地和海洋表面气温异常值达到了比20世纪平均值高出1.19摄氏度，为所显示时间段内记录的最大值。何谓气温异常？气温异常指的是与平均值或基线温度的差异。正值异常表明观测到的气温高于基线，而负值异常则表示观测到的气温低于基线。陆地表面气温异常通常高于海洋异常，尽管导致这一现象的确切原因仍存争议。与绝对温度相比，气温异常在气候变化研究中通常更为重要，因为它们受诸如站点位置和海拔等因素的影响较小。全球变暖现象在过去十年中记录到的最热年份中，2023年的异常值最高。全球变暖在很大程度上是由二氧化碳及其他温室气体排放量增加进入大气层所驱动。气候变化亦在北半球海冰面积的缩减中显现。天气动力学可以影响区域气温，因此全球变暖的水平在全球范围内可能存在差异。例如，与南极洲相比，北极地区的变暖趋势和冰量减少最为明显。