Annotated database of deverbal nominalizations in Serbian

Annotated database of deverbal nominalizations in Serbian This dataset contains annotated data on deverbal nominalizations in Serbian. The study aimed to examine to what extent the behaviour of Serbian deverbal nominalizations can be explained through the interaction of various morphological and aspectual factors. More specifically, the aim was to determine the degree to which eventive deverbal nominalizations in English and Serbian exhibit verbal properties. Extracting tokens from corpus The data were collected through corpus queries and subsequently manually annotated. To obtain an initial sample, a search was conducted in the CLASSLA-web.sr corpus (Ljubešić et al. 2024) using a CQL query targeting nouns occurring after the verb očekivati ‘expect’. This verb was chosen as it provides a context in which deverbal nominalizations are likely to occur relatively frequently. The aim was to analyse between 3,000 and 4,000 valid example sentences containing nominalizations as complements of očekivati. Sentences that did not contain deverbal nominalizations or were duplicates were excluded from further annotation. In total, 6,008 examples were extracted from the CLASSLA-web.sr corpus and manually annotated in an Excel spreadsheet. Annotation process Identification of complements First, relevant complements were identified within each sentence. More specifically, each sentence was analysed to determine whether the complement of the verb očekivati ‘expect’ was a deverbal nominalization. Sentences containing such complements were further annotated. In cases where two nominalizations appeared as complements of očekivati within the same sentence, both were annotated. For instance, in (1), both podrška ‘support’ and pomoć ‘help’ occur as complements of the verb; therefore, each nominalization was annotated in a separate row, and the sentence in (1) appears twice in the dataset. Sentences that did not contain deverbal nominalization complements were marked accordingly and were not further annotated. (1) Očekujemo podršku i pomoć institucija Republike Srpske. expect support.ACC.SG and help.ACC.SG institutions Republic Srpska “We expect the support and help of the institutions of the Republic of Srpska.” Recording the Nominalization Once the relevant nominalizations were identified, each was recorded in the following column in its citation form (nominative singular). This was followed by the annotation of several morphosyntactic features. Each deverbal nominalization was annotated for the type of suffix it contained, the base verb and its aspect, as well as the presence of a genitive complement. Determining the suffix With regard to suffix type, the following final suffixes were annotated: -nje (e.g. povećanje ‘increase’), -nja (e.g. sadnja ‘planting’), -ak (e.g. dolazak ‘arrival’), -ka (e.g. podrška ‘support’), -ba (e.g. borba ‘fight’), -cija (e.g. reakcija ‘reaction’), -ica (e.g. nestašica ‘shortage’), 0 (indicating a zero suffix or a phonologically minimal suffix, e.g. napad ‘attack’), and -stvo (e.g. uputstvo ‘instruction’). Deverbal nominalizations that could not be classified under any of these categories were marked with "r", indicating 'remainder' or 'residual' types (e.g. učešće ‘participation’). Determining the base verb The next step was to determine the base verb of the identified nominalisation. Hence, one column was filled with base verbs of the nominalizations in the infinitive form (e.g. saditi ‘to plant’ for sadnja ‘planting’). Determining the aspect of the base verb Regarding the aspect of the base verb, it was necessary to determine whether the base verb from which the nominalization was derived was perfective (e.g. završiti ‘to finish.PFV’ ), imperfective (e.g. raditi ‘to work.IPFV’), or biaspectual (e.g. reagovati ‘to react.BIASP’). As shown below, the latter two categories were grouped together, as they behave similarly with respect to nominalizations. Determining the presence of a genitive complement Finally, the annotation included marking nominalizations which had a genitive complement (e.g. povećanje mesta ‘increase in capacity’), as opposed to those lacking a genitive complement (e.g. smirivanje na tom polju ‘calming down in that area’). Adjustments In the final annotation, nouns denoting agents were treated as referential and excluded from further analysis. Nouns with an unclear verbal base were marked in a dedicated column. For example, the noun prinos (‘contribution’) can derive either from prinositi (‘to bring repeatedly’) or prineti (‘to bring once’), making its verbal base ambiguous. Similarly, okršaj (‘clash’) could derive from different verb forms with overlapping meanings, complicating the identification of a single verbal base. These were therefore marked as unclear. Nouns such as saglasnost (‘consent’) and izlaznost (‘voter turnout’) were excluded from the analysis because they contain an intermediate adjectival base - saglasan (‘in agreement’) and izlazan (‘related to exit’), respectively - between the nominal and the verbal categorizers, which makes the derivational path less direct and unsuitable for the intended analysis. Genitive compliments were annotated only when an argument was explicitly realized, omitted or implied arguments were not counted. The classification of verbal bases was based strictly on formal morphological criteria. Column-by-column explanation Column A (source URL) contains the link to the original sentence from the corpus. Column B (left_context) contains the part of the original sentence before očekivati ‘to expect’. Column C (KWIC) contains the verb očekivati ‘to expect’ and the nominalization. Column D (right_context) indicates the part of the sentence following očekivati ‘to expect’ and the noun. Column E (nominalization) indicates the presence (indicated by a ‘1’) or absence (‘0’) of a deverbal nominalization. For example (2) is marked as ‘1’ since the complement of the verb očekivati ‘to expect’ is the deverbal nominalization dolazak ‘arrival’, while (3) is marked as “0”, since the complement of the verb očekivati is the noun vesti ‘news’. (2) Organizatori očekuju dolazak predstavnika grčkih organizacija u SAD. organizers expect arrival.ACC.SG representatives Greek organizations in USA "The organizers expect the arrival of representatives of Greek organizations in the USA." (3) [...] u trenutku kada je ceo svet očekivao vesti [...] in moment when AUX.3SG whole world expected news “[...] at the moment when the whole world was expecting news [...]” Column F (lemma) contains the nominalization in the citation form (nominative singular). For instance, the nominalisation in (4) was recorded as pobeda. (4) Mnogi su očekivali pobedu. many AUX.3PL expected victory.ACC.SG "Many expected a victory." Column G (nominalisation_pattern) contains the final suffix that the nominalization contains. More specifically, the following suffixes were marked: -nje (5), -nja (6), -ba (7 ), -ak (8), -ka (9), -cija (10), -ica (11), -stvo (12) and 0 (13). The nominalisations that did not fit into one of these groups (14) got the marking “r” (rest/reminder) . (5) Građani očekuju povećanje. citizen expect increase.ACC.SG “Citizens expect an increase.” (6) U budućnosti očekujem saradnju. in future I.expect collaboration.ACC.SG "I expect collaboration in the future." (7) Očekujem borbu i da napokon zabeležimo tri boda. I.expect fight.ACC.SG and COMP finally we.record three points “I expect a fight and that we finally record three points.” (8) [...] očekujemo dolazak mehanizacije da se raščiste putevi. we.expect arrival.ACC.SG machinery COMP REFL clear road “[...] we are expecting the arrival of machinery to clear the roads.” (9) Srbija očekuje podršku u razvoju satelitskih sistema. Serbia expects support.ACC.SG in development satellite systems “Serbia expects support in the development of satellite systems.” (10) Očekujem realizaciju nadležnih. I.expect implementation.ACC.SG authorities “I expect the implementation by the authorities.” (11) Očekujemo radionicu za decu sa princezom Anom. we.expect workshop.ACC.SG for children with princess Ana “We are expecting a workshop for children with Princess Ana.” (12) Očekujemo prisustvo brojnih eminentnih predavača. we.expect presence.ACC.SG numerous eminent lecturers “We expect the presence of numerous eminent lecturers.” (13) Nisam očekivala pobedu. NEG.AUX.1SG expected victory.ACC.SG “I did not expect victory.” (14) Organizatori očekuju učešće oko 60 ekipa. organizers expect participation.ACC.SG around 60 teams “The organizers expect participation from around 60 teams.” Column H (related verb) contains the related verb in the citation form (infinitive), for pevanje ‘singning’ pevati ‘to sing’; for sadnja ‘planting’ saditi ‘to plant’; for borba ‘fight’ boriti se ‘to fight’ etc. Column I (unclear_verbal_base) indicates the presence (‘1’) or absence (‘0’) of uncertainty about the base verb. For example, in (15) the base verb of otpor can be odupreti se or odupirati se ‘to resist’, so it was marked with ‘1’ in this column. In contrast, in (16) it is clear that the base verb of plovidba ‘voyage’ is ploviti ‘to sail’, so it was marked with ‘0’. (15) [...] da li očekuje otpor od zločinaca na severu odgovorio je sledeće. Q expects resistance.ACC.SG from criminals on north responded AUX.3SG following “[...] whether he expects resistance from the criminals in the north, he responded with the following.” (16) Sa strahom je očekivao plovidbu. with fear AUX.3SG expectes voyage.ACC.SG “He expected the voyage with fear.” Column J (perfective_aspect) indicates whether the base verb is perfective, which is marked as ‘1’ (e.g. isporučiti ‘to deliver’) or imperfective, which is marked as ‘0’ (e.g. napadati ‘to attack’). Biaspecual verbs (e.g. reagovati ‘to react’) received the value ‘0’ just like imperfective verbs. For instance, (17) is annotated as ‘1’, since the base verb of the nominalization pobeda ‘win’ is the perfective verb pobediti ‘to win’. However, (18) is annotated as ‘0’, since the base verb of the nominalization poštovanje ‘respect’ is the imperfective verb poštovati ‘to respect’. (17) Očekujem pobedu u četvrtom meču. I.expect win.ACC.SG in fourth match “I expect a win in the fourth match.” (18) Rekao je da očekuje poštovanje prava. said AUX.3SG that expects respect.ACC.SG right “He said that he expects respect for rights.” Column K (nominalisation_plural) indicates whether the nominalization is in plural, which is marked as ‘1’, or singular, which is marked as “0”. For example, the nominalization rezultate ‘resulte’ in (19) is marked as ‘1’, because it is plural, while the nominalization suđenje ‘trial’ is singular and was marked with ‘0’. (19) Građani očekuju rezultate. citizens expect result.ACC.PL “Citizens expect results from them.” (20) Uskoro očekujem suđenje. soon I.expect trial.ACC.SG “I expect a trail soon.” Column L (genitive_complement) indicates the presence (‘1’) or absence (‘0’) of a postnominal genitive complement. For instance, (21) is marked as ‘1’ because the complement velikog broja takmičara ‘of a large number of competitors’ of the nominalization učešće ‘participation’ is in the genitive case. In contrast, (22) is annotated as ‘0’ because the complement na turniru ‘in a tournament’ of the nominalization plasman ‘placement’ is not in the genitive case.(21) Očekujemo učešće velikog broja takmičara. we.expect participation.ACC.SG big number competitors “We expect participation of a large number of competitors.” (22) Žestoko su se pripremali i očekivali plasman na turniru. intensely AUX.3PL REFL prepared and expected placement.ACC.SG on tournament “They prepared intensely and were expecting placement in the tournament.” References Ljubešić, N, Rupnik, P. and Kuzman, T. (2024). Serbian web corpus CLASSLA-web.sr 1.0, Slovenian language resource repository CLARIN.SI, ISSN 2820-4042, http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1931