Identification of Fusarium Basal Rot Pathogens of Onion and Evaluation of Fungicides against the Pathogens

Onion (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.) is an economically important vegetable crop worldwide. However, various fungal diseases, including Fusarium basal rot (FBR), neck rot, and white rot, reduce onion production or bulb storage life. FBR caused by <i>Fusarium</i> species is among the most destructive onion diseases. In this study, we identified <i>Fusarium</i> species associated with FBR in Jeolla and Gyeongsang Provinces in South Korea and evaluated fungicides against the pathogens. Our morphological and molecular analyses showed that FBR in onions is associated with <i>Fusarium commune</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, and <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i>. We selected seven fungicides (fludioxonil, hexaconazole, mandestrobin, penthiopyrad, prochloraz-manganese, pydiflumetofen, and tebuconazole) and evaluated their inhibitory effects on mycelial growth of the pathogens at three different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/mL). We found that prochloraz-manganese was highly effective, inhibiting 100% of the mycelial growth of the pathogens at all concentrations, followed by tebuconazole. Fludioxonil showed &lt; 50% inhibition at 1 mg/mL for the tested isolates.