Regional comparison of lanternfish and dragonfish trophic positions estimated by amino acid and bulk tissue isotopic data.

#Calculated using Eq. 3. (3)*Calculated using Eq. 1 and Eq. 2 as described in “Methods.” Region-specific δ15NPOM and δ15Nzooplankton values from the literature are presented in Table S3. (1) (2) Summarized values include mean trophic positions (TPs) calculated from bulk tissue δ15N values (TPbulk) using a trophic enrichment factor (TEF) of 3‰ (mean ± S.D.), and TPs calculated from AA-CSIA data (AA-TP) (mean ± S.D.). Differences in the calculated means between dragonfishes and lanternfishes are shown. Dragonfish values for Hawaii include specimens of both Chauliodus sloani and Idiacanthus fasciola.