Prototype matching: children's preference for learning scientific concepts

Inspired by a sample lesson, this paper studies and discusses children's preferences in learning scientific concepts. In this "Dissolution" lesson, one of the students took the demonstration experiment of "Carmine Dissolves in Water" demonstrated by the teacher as the prototype to judge whether a new phenomenon belongs to dissolution, instead of analyzing and judging the new phenomenon by using the dissolution definition as expected. Therefore, we propose a conjecture that "prototype matching" may be a more preferred way for children to learn concepts than thinking through inquiry experiment, analysis, deduction, etc. To this end, we conducted a targeted test on 160 fifth grade students (all of whom had learned this lesson) from a primary school in Beijing, and used goodness of fit test to statistically analyze the results. The results showed that: ① The chi square value of the overall results was 73.865, P<0.001, indicating that children did have obvious prototype preference; ② We "manipulated" some of the prototypes, that is, they looked like the prototypes that the teacher had told us, but they were actually wrong. However, the results showed that children still preferred these so-called "prototypes" (chi square 21.823, P ＜ 0.001). Conclusion: ① Children have an obvious preference for "prototype matching" in scientific concept learning, which is not only obviously deviated from the current general understanding of science education that emphasizes discovery/inquiry construction, but also points out that there may be a priority relationship among various ways of concept organization (such as definition theory, prototype theory, schema theory, etc.). ② Children's preference for prototypes seems to be unthinking, and they will not identify the authenticity of prototypes, which is particularly noteworthy in front-line teaching.his dataset includes a dataset of all data (1 copy), the test task and the append task (1 copy each), and the initial post class interview video (website). All contents have a Chinese and English version.