Sickle cell disease in gulf cooperation council countries: a systematic review

Evidence related to the national burden of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) largely fragmented. Thus, the aim of this study is to systemically review studies from GCC countries to assess the epidemiological profile of SCD. We searched combinations of key terms in MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE. We selected relevant observational studies reporting the frequency, incidence, prevalence, risk factors, mortality rate, and complications of SCD among the GCC population. Studies restricted to laboratory diagnostic tests, experimental and animal studies, review articles, case reports and series, and conference proceedings and editorials were excluded. A total of 1,347 articles were retrieved, out of which 98 articles were found to be eligible and included in the study. The total number of participants from all the included studies was 3,496,447. The prevalence of SCD ranged from 0.24%–5.8% across the GCC and from 1.02%–45.8% for the sickle cell trait. Consanguineous marriage was a risk factor for likely giving children affected with hemoglobinopathies. The prevalence of SCD and its complications vary among GCC. Because of the high prevalence of SCD and its complications, health authorities should focus on more rigorous prevention and treatment strategies.