Landing manoeuvres predict roost-site preferences in bats

Data set and R scripts for the manuscript: <br> Landing manoeuvres predict roost-site preferences in bats. Journal of Experimental Biology <br> Gloriana Chaverri, Marcelo Araya-Salas, Jose Pablo Barrantes, Tere Uribe-Etxebarria, Marcela Peña-Acuña, Angie Liz Varela, Joxerra Aihartza <br> Abstract Roosts are vital for the survival of many species, and how individuals choose one site over another is affected by various factors. In bats, for example, species may use stiff roosts such as caves or compliant ones such as leaves; each type requires not only specific morphological adaptations but also different landing manoeuvres. Selecting a suitable roost within those broad categories may increase landing performance, reducing accidents and decreasing exposure time to predators. We address whether bats select specific roost sites based on the availability of a suitable landing surface, which could increase landing performance. Our study focuses on Spix’s disc-winged bats (<em>Thyroptera tricolor</em>), a species known to roost within developing tubular leaves. Since previous studies show that this species relies on the leaves’ apex for safe landing and rapid post-landing settlement, we predict that bats will prefer to roost in tubular structures with a longer apex and that landing will be consistently more effective on those leaves. Field observations showed that <em>T. tricolor </em>predominantly used two species for roosting, <em>Heliconia imbricata</em> and <em>Calathea lutea</em>, but they preferred roosting in the former. The main difference between these two plant species was the length of the leaf’s apex (longer in <em>H. imbricata</em>). Experiments in a flight cage also show that bats use more consistent approach and landing tactics when accessing leaves with a longer apex. Our results suggest that biomechanics may strongly influence resource selection, especially when complex manoeuvres are needed to acquire those resources. <br> Preprint: https://www.authorea.com/users/471894/articles/563110-landing-manoeuvres-predict-roost-site-preferences-in-bats?commit=f72ceb37c10f3cf14ac2e8ef460aa5aac3aa2e0e