The hydrographic parameters and bio-optical data in the Pacific Arctic Seas

The hydrographic and bio-optical in situ observations used in this study were conducted during 4 cruises between 2014 and 2025. The observations in the Chukchi Sea were conducted during the 6th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (6th CHINARE) aboard the Chinese icebreaker Xuelong. Observations in the East siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea were obtained during the Sino-Russian Arctic expedition aboard the Russian research vessel Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev. The sampling periods were 2–16 August 2011 and 5–20 August 2015, respectively. The most recent observations were conducted during the 2024 and 2025 Arctic expeditions organized by Sun Yat-sen University, referred to as FACE 2024 and FACE 2025. These cruises were conducted aboard the research icebreaker Zhong Shan Da Xue Ji Di from 26 July to 8 October 2024 and from 15 July to 28 September 2025, respectively. For data acquisition and exchange or scientific discussions in polar research, please contact Tao Li ([e-mail]).