The effect of downhill and uphill running training on antioxidant enzymes, autophagy and BMP molecules, and muscle growth factors in the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles.

The running training has an effect to age-related
muscle and bone wasting which result in physical activity and quality of life
in the elderly. However, whether downhill running effect on age-related muscle
and bone wasting, and its mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, gradual downhill running can be improve skeletal
muscle growth and bone formation by enhancing autophagy and bone morphogenetic
protein signaling in aged rats. Therefore, downhill running
training might be a practical intervention to improve skeletal muscle and bone
protection for the elderly.