16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences metadata collected from water samples and biofilms on mineral substrates deployed in the Lau Basin (Tonga) during R/V Thompson cruise TN401 from Mar to Apr 2022

16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences were generated from biofilms present on crushed substrates deployed at Lau Basin hydrothermal vents for approximately two weeks during R/V Thompson cruise TN401 from March to April 2022, typically in diffuse fluid flow. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences were generated from seawater or hydrothermal fluid samples collected on to filters via deployed instruments on ROV Jason. This dataset contains NCBI accession metadata and sample collection information.