A Review on Vibration Sensor: Key Parameters, Fundamental Principles, and Recent Progress on Industrial Monitoring Applications

This paper presents a systematic review of vibration sensors and their application in industrial-monitoring systems, aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for both academic research and practical applications in this field. Through the classification of measured parameters and sensing principles, this work endeavors to establish a structured understanding of vibration sensor’s working mechanism and deliver an in-depth analysis of their recent research achievements. By integrating practical cases from typical domains, this manuscript comprehensively demonstrates the practical value and application potential of vibration sensors in equipment-monitoring systems, illustrating how these sensors are utilized to detect mechanical failures and enhance the performance and safety of industrial systems, such as wind turbine, tunnel boring machine, and aerospace engine. Looking forward, with the rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, vibration sensors are anticipated to evolve towards multifunctionalization, miniaturization and intelligentization, thereby forming a comprehensive monitoring network that improves overall efficiency and reliability of the mechanical systems.