Global Wind Atlas 4

The Global Wind Atlas version 4 data-sets contain microscale wind information at approximately 250m grid point spacing. The data is created by first dynamically downscaling ERA5 reanalysis data from 2008-2017 to 3km resolution using the WRF mesoscale model. The WRF results are then generalized using DTU's generalization methodology, and then downscaled using the WAsP model to the approx. 250m resolution. The data in this directory consist of the entire global tiff at the full 0.0025 degree resolution on the WGS84 map projection. These data also include four sets of overview pyramids to improve the viewing of the data at low resolution. Most of the data are named as follows: gwa_{variable}_{height}.tif, where variable is one of* <b>wind-speed</b> - The mean wind speed at the location for the 10 year period* <b>power-density</b> - The mean power density of the wind, which is related to the cube of the wind speed, and can provide additional information about the strength of the wind not found in the mean wind speed alone.* <b>combined-Weibull-A</b> and <b>combined-Weibull-k</b> - These are the all sector combined Weibull distribution parameters for the wind speed. They can be used to get an estimate of the wind speed and power density at a site. However, caution should be applied when using these in areas with wind speeds that come from multiple directions as the shapes of those individual distributions may be quite different than this combined distribution.* <b>air-density</b> - The air density is found by modelling using data from the ERA5 reanalysis to the elevation used in the global wind atlas following the approach described in WAsP 12 (see related materials).* <b>RIX</b> - The RIX (Ruggedness IndeX) is a measure of how complex the terrain is. It provides the percent of the area within 3.5 km of the position that have slopes over 30-degrees. A RIX value greater than 5 suggests that you should use caution when interpreting the results.The files which do not follow the naming convention above are the <b>capacity-factor</b> layers. The capacity factor layers were calculated for 4 distinct wind turbines. For IEC classes 1, 2 and 3, turbines with a 100 m hub height and rotor diameters of 117, 136, and 150 m were used. Additionally, an offshore turbine was included with a hub height of 150 m and a rotor diameter of 150 m. Capacity factors can be used to calculate a preliminary estimate of the energy yield of a wind turbine (in the MW range), when placed at a location. This can be done by multiplying the rated power of the wind turbine by the capacity factor for the location (and the number of hours in a year):AEP = P_rated*CF*8760 hr/year,where AEP is annual energy production, P_rated is rated power, and CF is capacity factor.<br><br>When using this dataset, please cite using the following DOI:Floors, R. et al. (2025) <i>Global Wind Atlas v4</i>, 10.11583/DTU.28955267