Genomic responses to increased temperature and pollinator selection in Brassica rapa L.

This BioProject contains whole-genome pool-sequencing data from an experimental evolution study investigating how Brassica rapa adapts to interacting ecological drivers - temperature and pollinators - over multiple generations. The project aims to disentangle how abiotic (warming) and biotic (pollinator identity) selective pressures jointly shape genomic evolution in flowering plants, and to evaluate whether adaptation is governed by single-factor selection or by multidimensional, interacting ecological conditions. We used a factorial experimental design including two temperature regimes (ambient vs. hot) and three pollination environments (bumblebee pollination, butterfly pollination, and both pollinators combined), and hand pollination as control groups. Across six generations, plants were grown under controlled conditions, pollinated according to treatment, and allowed to evolve freely. Each generation's successful seed set determined the contribution to the next generation, allowing demographic and selective processes to operate simultaneously. After six generations, we sampled leaf tissue from each evolved population, with two biological replicates per treatment (16 pools total), as well as one ancestral pool (G1) representing the initial standing genetic variation. Each pool consists of DNA from multiple individuals combined before sequencing to estimate allele frequencies at the population level. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the Illumina platform, generating paired-end reads for all 17 pools. These data support downstream analyses of allele frequency change, selection scans, linkage disequilibrium decay, and genomic differentiation across treatments. They provide a comprehensive resource for understanding how interacting ecological factors - warming and pollinator identity - drive evolutionary trajectories in a rapidly adapting plant species. This dataset enables: Identification of genomic regions under selection specific to pollination x temperature combinations Comparison of evolutionary responses across multiple biotic and abiotic environments Assessment of the extent to which adaptation is driven by pollinator behaviour, thermal stress, or their interaction Investigation of genomic differentiation, selection signals, and changes in allele frequencies over time Integration with functional annotations and trait associations in Brassica rapa These publicly available sequencing data will support future work in plant adaptation, ecological genomics, pollination biology, and climate-change evolution. They also provide a foundation for comparative analyses with other evolve-and-resequencing studies and natural populations of Brassica rapa.