Spatiotemporal variations of extreme events and their effects on vegetation growth in the Northern permafrost regions during 1982-2022

The permafrost regions of the Northern Hemisphere are increasingly experiencing frequent and intense extreme events, which may significantly impact the vegetation growth. However, the effects of extremes on vegetation are often overlooked, leading to an underestimation of their impacts on vegetation. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal variations of extreme events in the Northern permafrost regions from 1982 to 2022, as well as the responses of vegetation growth to these changes in growing-seasons.