Establishing a step-feeding reactor for advanced nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate via a double anammox process with pure floc sludge

To address the engineering challenges of considerable costs in traditional nitrogen removal processes for treating mature landfill leachate with high ammonium and low C/N ratio, as well as the sensitivity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation to NO2- fluctuations and carrier dependency, this study developed an innovative step-feeding double Anammox process.