SAFE 3D PRINTED-CS: Seismic and energy Assessment of the perFormancE of 3D PRINTED Concrete Structures

Dataset Overview This dataset contains the results of a large-scale experimental campaign investigating the seismic behaviour of a single-storey 3D-printed concrete building. The experiments were conducted at the UKCRIC Soil–Foundation–Structure Interaction (SoFSI) Laboratory at the University of Bristol as part of the ERIES (Engineering Research Infrastructures for European Synergies, 2022–2026) programme, funded by the European Union’s Horizon Europe Framework Programme (Grant Agreement No. 101058684). The ERIES SAFE 3D PRINTED-CS project was conceived to provide an empirical assessment of the seismic performance of a commonly adopted 3D-printing technology for residential construction. The investigated structural system consists of double-leaf 3D-printed concrete walls separated by a cavity, with the two leaves interconnected by steel ties regularly distributed along the perimeter and height of the building. Research Objectives The experimental programme was designed to address several key research challenges, including: Evaluation of the seismic capacity of 3D-printed concrete buildings; Identification and characterisation of their dynamic behaviour; Investigation of the governing damage mechanisms and failure modes. Experimental Facility The tests were performed on a large-scale physical model mounted on the SoFSI shaking table. The SoFSI facility is a biaxial earthquake simulator with a payload capacity of 50 tonnes, three planar degrees of freedom, a maximum acceleration of 2 g, and a maximum displacement of ±150 mm. The 6 m × 4 m shaking table is capable of reproducing seismic motions up to 50 Hz and satisfies the performance requirements of the BELLCORE testing standards. Seismic Input Records Two earthquake records were employed during the testing campaign: • Cephalonia (Greece) earthquake record: recorded on 26 January 2014 (Mw 6.1 strike-slip event) at the ARG2 station in Argostoli, Greece. The station is located on stiff soil conditions, approximately 13 km from the epicentre. The recorded peak ground acceleration (PGA) is 0.35 g. • IEEE693 High Performance Level (HP) record: a standardised broadband, non-stationary seismic input specified in IEEE693 for the seismic qualification of substations and electrical equipment. Dataset Scope and Units Version 1.0 of the dataset focuses on the initial biaxial white-noise tests and the lowest seismic intensity level applied for both earthquake records. All data are provided using the following engineering units: Time: seconds (s) Displacement: millimetres (mm) Acceleration: g Supplementary Documentation The dataset is accompanied by three supplementary documents: SENSOR_LAYOUT.pdf, providing details of the instrumentation layout, sensor types, locations, and channel naming conventions; INFRARED_MARKER_LAYOUT.pdf — details of the infrared marker placement on the specimen, marker labels, and the naming convention (R<row>_C<col>), including the reference marker R01_C01 used as the coordinate origin; SAFE3D_GEOMETRY.pdf — key geometric information for the building and the associated steel components used in the experimental setup. Dataset Contents Version 1.0 comprises the five tests listed below. Each test comprises a sensor CSV, a vision tracking CSV, a machine-readable variable-dictionary CSV that maps every sensor column to its sensor type, unit, and location, and a README file containing the complete test and provenance metadata. Input peak accelerations are the recorded base motions applied at the shaking table. Dataset Test ID Base motion Axis Input PGA (m/s²) Samples Size (MB) Biaxial_White_Noise S013-008 White noise Biaxial 0.500 69,887 40.1 EQ_X_10_Percent_Amplitude S013-010 ARG2_N1355 (Cephalonia) - 10% X 0.348 51,206 29.6 EQ_Y_10_Percent_Amplitude S013-012 ARG2_N1355 (Cephalonia) - 10% Y 0.348 56,631 32.8 IEEE693_X_10_Percent_Amplitude S013-047 IEEE693 (HP)- 10% X 1.251 36,798 21.2 IEEE693_Y_10_Percent_Amplitude S013-049 IEEE693 (HP) - 10% Y 1.251 37,519 21.6 Data Acquisition Parameters Sensor data All sensor channels were sampled synchronously at 1000 Hz (sampling period 0.001 s) on the SoFSI data-acquisition system. Each test is provided as a CSV file of 30 columns — a common time base together with 29 measured channels (23 accelerometers reported in g and 6 displacement transducers reported in mm). Record lengths range from approximately 37,000 to 70,000 samples (about 37–70 s). Each source MATLAB file follows the naming convention S013-XXX_1000Hz.MAT. Vision tracking data Structural displacements were additionally measured with a Qualisys optical motion-capture system tracking 102 markers arranged over the specimen, acquired independently at 200 Hz (sampling period 0.005 s). Markers are labelled by their row and column position (R<row>_C<col>); the full marker map is given in INFRARED_MARKER_LAYOUT.pdf. Each test is provided as a CSV file of 307 columns, a time base together with the X, Y and Z coordinates of every marker, expressed in mm relative to marker R01_C01, which defines the (0,0,0) origin. Each vision tracking CSV begins with a short metadata header (test name, marker count, sampling frequency, units). The source Qualisys MATLAB exports follow the naming convention S013_XXX_*.mat. All data were processed and exported to CSV with the Study_specific_test_v5 script. Instrumentation and Variable Dictionary The instrumentation is identical across all tests in this release. The full channel map is reproduced below; the complete physical layout is given in SENSOR_LAYOUT.pdf. Accelerometers are reported in g and displacement transducers in mm. Variable MATLAB channel Sensor type Unit Location S1 Channel_2_Data Accelerometer g Table/Z1/X S2 Channel_3_Data Accelerometer g Table/Z1/Y S3 Channel_4_Data Accelerometer g Table/Z3/X S4 Channel_5_Data Accelerometer g Table/Z3/Y S5 Channel_6_Data Accelerometer g Structure/south/base/X S6 Channel_7_Data Accelerometer g Structure/south/base/Y S7 Channel_8_Data Accelerometer g Structure/south/lower/X S8 Channel_9_Data Accelerometer g Structure/south/lower/Y S9 Channel_10_Data Accelerometer g Structure/south/upper/X S10 Channel_11_Data Accelerometer g Structure/south/upper/Y S11 Channel_12_Data Accelerometer g Structure/south/top/X S12 Channel_13_Data Accelerometer g Structure/south/top/Y S13 Channel_14_Data Accelerometer g Structure/innersouth/upper/X S14 Channel_15_Data Accelerometer g Structure/innersouth/upper/Y S15 Channel_16_Data Accelerometer g Structure/east/base/X S16 Channel_17_Data Accelerometer g Structure/east/base/Y S17 Channel_19_Data Accelerometer g Structure/east/lower/X S18 Channel_20_Data Accelerometer g Structure/east/lower/Y S19 Channel_21_Data Accelerometer g Structure/east/upper/X S20 Channel_22_Data Accelerometer g Structure/east/upper/Y S21 Channel_23_Data Accelerometer g Structure/east/top/X S22 Channel_24_Data Accelerometer g Structure/east/top/Y S23 Channel_25_Data Accelerometer g Structure/Z3/top/X T1 Channel_26_Data Displacement transducer mm Structure/innersouth/lower T2 Channel_27_Data Displacement transducer mm Structure/innersouth/lower T3 Channel_28_Data Displacement transducer mm Structure/innersouth/middle T4 Channel_29_Data Displacement transducer mm Structure/innersouth/middle T5 Channel_30_Data Displacement transducer mm Structure/innersouth/upper T6 Channel_31_Data Displacement transducer mm Structure/innersouth/upper Provenance and Access Field Value Main project ERIES – Engineering Research Infrastructures for European Synergies (2022–2026) Generated by SAFE 3D PRINTED-CS Funding agency European Union – Horizon Europe Framework Programme Grant Agreement No. 101058684 Attributed to / Publisher University of Bristol Creators Raffaele De Risi; Tansu Gokce Contributor University of Bristol Date generated 10–11 June 2025 Processing script Study_specific_test_v5 Source data Sensor data MATLAB (.MAT) files (S013-XXX_1000Hz.MAT) acquired at 1000 Hz. Vision tracking MATLAB (.MAT) files (S013_XXX_*.mat) acquired at 200 Hz. Both exported to CSV with the Study_specific_test_v5 script Licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) Access rights Open Access Keywords and Semantic Identifiers The dataset is indexed against the following keywords, with persistent identifiers given as Wikidata URIs where an exact concept exists. “Seismic Performance Assessment” is retained as a descriptive keyword; it has no single dedicated Wikidata concept (the nearest items are earthquake engineering and seismic analysis). Keyword Wikidata identifier Concrete 3D Printing https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112610417 Additive Manufacturing in Construction https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367 Concrete https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22657 Earthquake Engineering https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909789 Structural Dynamics https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q811197 Shake Table Testing https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5327279 Failure Mechanisms https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1309431 Motion Capture https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676252 Seismic Performance Assessment — (no dedicated identifier)