Synergistic immunochemotherapy exerts efficiently anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect to induce SAMD4B-APOA2 axis for inhibition of tumor immune evasion

The purpose of this study is to speculate TCC (Thalidomide+carmofur+ Cantharidin), may be a promising treatment strategy for patients with advanced HCC.However, there is few research on this novel clinical combination therapy, especially the mechanism of its anti-hepatocellular effect. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the specific mechanism of triple drug combination in HCC treatment.Here, we prospectively collected the clinical data of 92 patients with unresectable HCC, observed the effective efficacy of TCC in clinical practice, and confirmed in 6 PDX models in mice.Later on, we collected the resected tumors conducted single cell sequencing (scRNA-seq). We found that SAMD4B, especially its expression level, could affect the immune microenvironment. In order to understand the details of its immune regulation mechanism, such as which immune cells PD1 (i.e. PD-L1 receptor regulated by SAMD4B) comes from, we selected 4 patients from low- and high-SAMD4B groups for scRNA-seq. 10x Single-cell Transcriptome sequencing were used to obtain the characteristics of 6 PDX samples and 4 HCC samples.