K.0.2_Hydrological_model_INPUT_Namoi_AUS

Data Sources, Provenance, Processing, Licensing and Conditions of Reuse 1. General description This repository documents and provides spatial modelling datasets prepared for the Namoi River Basin case study in New South Wales, Australia, within the framework of the WaterTheft project, Grant Agreement No. 101124884. The deposited files were prepared for hydrological and hydro-economic modelling and include: - a processed Digital Elevation Model;- soil-property layers adapted to a common 250 m × 250 m modelling grid;- a model-oriented land-use allocation layer generated using the HILAM methodology;- lookup tables, provenance records and processing documentation; and- metadata describing the Bureau of Meteorology stations and climate variables used to prepare the model forcing. The deposited spatial products were derived from third-party datasets identified below and from original processing undertaken by the dataset creators. Copyright and all other pre-existing rights in the source datasets remain with their respective data providers and rights holders. The repository creators claim authorship only over their original processing, selection, spatial aggregation, thematic harmonisation, HILAM allocation, organisation, documentation, coding and other original contributions. The derived products are not official products of Geoscience Australia, the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, CSIRO, TERN, the Bureau of Meteorology, the Government of New South Wales or any other source-data provider. No licence attached to this Zenodo record overrides, replaces or expands the terms governing the source datasets. Where source-specific conditions apply, those conditions prevail. 2. Digital Elevation Model 2.1 Original data source The Digital Elevation Model used for the Namoi River Basin was derived from: Gallant, J., Wilson, N., Dowling, T., Read, A. and Inskeep, C. (2011).SRTM-derived 1 Second Digital Elevation Models Version 1.0.Geoscience Australia, Canberra.Geoscience Australia Persistent Identifier: 72759. The original product includes three elevation surfaces: - Digital Elevation Model — DEM;- Smoothed Digital Elevation Model — DEM-S; and- Hydrologically Enforced Digital Elevation Model — DEM-H. The layer used in this repository was: DEM. The original product has an approximate spatial resolution of one arc-second, approximately 30 m, and is referenced to WGS 84, EPSG:4326. The original elevation product was derived by Geoscience Australia from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data acquired in February 2000. 2.2 Processing applied The original elevation data were processed to produce a terrain layer for the Namoi River Basin modelling domain. The processing included, as applicable: - extraction of the Namoi River Basin study area delineated at Gunnedah;- mosaicking of source tiles;- clipping to the study-area boundary;- reprojection to CRS EPSG:3577 - GDA94 / Australian Albers - Projected;- resampling or aggregation to 30m;- alignment with the common 250 m × 250 m HILAM modelling grid;- modification of NoData values;- hydrological conditioning;- sink filling;- stream burning or drainage-network enforcement;- derivation of slope, aspect or other terrain attributes; and- assignment of grid-cell and model identifiers. Only the operations actually applied to the deposited files should be considered part of this processing history. The resulting elevation layer is a derived research product and not an unmodified Geoscience Australia product. 2.3 Attribution and licence The source elevation data are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. Required source acknowledgement: © Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia). Recommended data citation: Gallant, J., Wilson, N., Dowling, T., Read, A. and Inskeep, C. (2011).SRTM-derived 1 Second Digital Elevation Models Version 1.0.Geoscience Australia, Canberra.Persistent Identifier: 72759. Derived-product attribution: Derived elevation product based on the SRTM-derived 1 Second Digital Elevation Models Version 1.0 produced by Geoscience Australia and licensed under CC BY 4.0. Changes made to the original material included mosaicking, clipping, reprojection, and grid alignment. The derived elevation files identified in the file-level licence inventory are released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. Users must acknowledge Geoscience Australia, cite the original product, cite this Zenodo dataset and indicate any additional modifications. Neither Geoscience Australia nor the Commonwealth of Australia has reviewed, verified or endorsed the derived elevation layer. 3. Original land-use information 3.1 Source dataset The original land-use information used for the Namoi River Basin was obtained from the Catchment Scale Land Use of Australia – Update December 2023 version 2 dataset. This dataset was compiled and published by the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences — ABARES through the Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program — ACLUMP. Source product: ABARES (2024). Catchment Scale Land Use of Australia – Update December 2023 version 2. Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, Canberra, June 2024. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. DOI: 10.25814/2w2p-ph98. The source product is a seamless national raster dataset that combines land-use information for all Australian states and territories at a spatial resolution of 50 m × 50 m. The national compilation was generated by ABARES from vector land-use datasets produced by Australian state and territory mapping programmes, together with other authoritative spatial information made available through ACLUMP. For New South Wales, including the Namoi River Basin, the underlying state-level land-use information incorporated into the national compilation was principally derived from the NSW Land Use 2017 v1.5 dataset. The source mapping was prepared using combinations of land-tenure information, existing land-use datasets, fine-resolution satellite imagery, ancillary spatial information and, where available, field observations and local knowledge. The dates and original mapping scales represented within the national compilation vary spatially according to the underlying source information. For the December 2023 compilation, the source mapping dates range from approximately 2008 to 2023, while the original mapping scales range from approximately 1:5,000 to 1:250,000. The 50 m spatial resolution of the national raster compilation must therefore not be interpreted as the original mapping scale or effective spatial accuracy of every source dataset incorporated into the product. The dataset assigns a single dominant land use to each raster cell. Land use is defined according to the principal purpose for which the land is managed, as interpreted by the relevant state or territory mapping authority. Land-use categories are classified according to the Australian Land Use and Management Classification — ALUM, Version 8. The source product represents the most recent national compilation available as at December 2023. It does not represent land-use conditions observed uniformly during a single year across the whole of Australia, because the dates of the underlying state and territory mapping differ spatially. The source dataset was used as the principal land-use input for the preparation of the HILAM-derived 250 m land-use allocation described in this repository. 3.2 Source-data licence and attribution The Catchment Scale Land Use of Australia – Update December 2023 version 2 dataset is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence — CC BY 4.0. The licence applies to material published by ABARES, except for third-party content, logos, trademarks and the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, which remain subject to their respective rights and conditions. Required source citation: ABARES (2024). Catchment Scale Land Use of Australia – Update December 2023 version 2. Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, Canberra, June 2024. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. DOI: 10.25814/2w2p-ph98. 4. HILAM-derived land-use allocation 4.1 Purpose of the derived product The land-use layer deposited in this repository was generated using the HILAM spatial allocation methodology. HILAM transforms the source land-use information into a regular 250 m × 250 m model-interoperability grid suitable for hydrological and hydro-economic modelling. The transformation is not a conventional nearest-neighbour or majority-rule raster resampling procedure. It applies a constrained spatial-allocation process designed to retain the relevant source land-use composition while reducing unnecessary spatial fragmentation and the proliferation of Hydrological Response Units in semidistributed hydrological models. 4.2 Processing methodology The HILAM processing applied to the Namoi case study included the following operations: 1. The original ACLUMP or ABARES land-use categories were harmonised and reclassified into the land-use and crop categories required by the hydrological and hydro-economic modelling framework. 2. A regular 250 m × 250 m spatial template was established and aligned with the elevation, soil, climate and hydrological-model inputs. 3. Land uses treated as static or structurally persistent were assigned before agricultural classes were allocated. Depending on their representation in the source data, the static classes included: - water bodies and major watercourses;- urban and built-up areas;- principal transport infrastructure;- forests and woodland;- protected or conservation areas;- natural and semi-natural vegetation;- natural grasslands and grazing areas that were not included in the agricultural reallocation procedure; and- other permanent or non-allocable land uses. 4. The total area and proportional composition of the agricultural or cropland categories were calculated within the defined allocation units: subbasins. 5. Agricultural classes were allocated only to cells defined as eligible for agricultural allocation. 6. The allocation sought to preserve the source areas and proportions of the agricultural classes within a tolerance of: 564,19 m. 7. Agricultural cells were arranged to favour spatially compact and coherent patches rather than isolated cells. 8. The allocation procedure reduced salt-and-pepper patterns and unnecessary fragmentation while preserving the source land-use composition needed by the model. 9. Unique grid-cell, soil, land-use and modelling identifiers were assigned to support interoperability between SWAT and the associated hydro-economic model. 10. The final layer was checked by comparing the source and HILAM-derived areas for each relevant land-use class. 4.3 Interpretation limitations The resulting HILAM dataset is a model-oriented and spatially regularised representation of the source land-use information. The location of static or structurally persistent classes is based on the source spatial information. However, the location of individual agricultural grid cells may have been generated or modified by the HILAM allocation process. Consequently: - the HILAM layer must not be interpreted as an observed parcel-level crop map;- an individual 250 m cell does not constitute confirmation that a specific crop or agricultural use was observed at that precise location;- the layer is not suitable for cadastral, ownership or legal-boundary purposes;- it must not be used for agricultural-subsidy verification, regulatory enforcement or field-level crop identification;- it must not be represented as an official ABARES, ACLUMP or New South Wales Government land-use map;- spatial comparisons with the original product must account for the HILAM reclassification and allocation process; and- the principal intended uses are hydrological modelling, hydro-economic modelling, scenario assessment and model-interoperability research. 4.4 Changes made to the source land-use information The modifications included, as applicable: - clipping to the Namoi study area;- reprojection;- thematic harmonisation;- class reclassification;- conversion to a 250 m grid;- designation and preservation of static land uses;- calculation of land-use areas and proportions;- identification of eligible agricultural cells;- constrained allocation of agricultural categories;- patch compactness or spatial regularisation;- reduction of isolated cells;- alignment with soil and hydrological-model units;- creation of unique model identifiers; and- preparation of lookup and correspondence tables. 4.5 Licence The original ABARES product identified above is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. The original HILAM processing, allocation, documentation and derived land-use files are also released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. Users of the HILAM layer must: - cite this Zenodo dataset;- cite the exact ABARES or ACLUMP source dataset;- acknowledge ABARES, ACLUMP and the relevant source-data custodians;- retain a clear statement that the source information was modified;- identify any further changes made by the user;- avoid implying that ABARES, ACLUMP, the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry or any state or territory authority endorses the HILAM methodology or its outputs; and- avoid presenting the modelled agricultural allocation as an observed or official field-level distribution. 5. Soil-property data 5.1 Original data source The soil-property layers were derived from products of the: Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia — SLGA, currently distributed through the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network — TERN and maintained in association with CSIRO and the Australian Soil Resource Information System. The SLGA provides modelled national soil-property surfaces based on soil observations, environmental covariates and digital soil-mapping methods. Data include: - clay content;- sand content;- silt content;- bulk density;- available water capacity;- drained upper limit;- lower limit;- organic carbon;- soil pH;- coarse fragments;- cation-exchange capacity; and- soil or regolith depth. Each individual SLGA product has its own authors, version, publication year, persistent identifier or DOI, recommended citation and attribution statement. These product-specific citations must be retained in the source-provenance inventory. 5.2 Spatial and vertical characteristics The source products were used at the native spatial resolution identified in their respective metadata. Many national SLGA soil-property products are supplied at three arc-seconds, approximately 90 m, although the native resolution and version may differ for individual attributes. Where applicable, the source products provide estimates for six standard depth intervals: - 0–5 cm;- 5–15 cm;- 15–30 cm;- 30–60 cm;- 60–100 cm; and- 100–200 cm. The SLGA values are modelled estimates rather than direct observations at every raster cell. Many products are accompanied by lower and upper uncertainty or confidence layers. 5.3 Processing applied The source soil-property rasters were adapted to the common 250 m × 250 m HILAM modelling grid. The processing included, as applicable: - extraction of the Namoi River Basin;- reprojection to CRS EPSG:3577 - GDA94 / Australian Albers - Projected;- alignment with the common modelling grid;- aggregation or resampling to 250 m;- area-weighted aggregation of continuous soil-property values;- majority or dominant-area assignment for categorical variables;- depth-weighted calculation of values for the SWAT soil layers;- conversion of units;- treatment of missing or NoData values;- harmonisation of layer depths;- creation of soil-property tables;- grouping of cells into soil units, where applicable; and- assignment of unique soil and grid-cell identifiers. For continuous soil properties, the aggregation method was: area weighted. No new field observations were collected during the creation of the 250 m derived soil dataset. The spatial aggregation does not increase the observational accuracy or original effective resolution of the SLGA products. 5.4 Licence and attribution The Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia products are made available under a Creative Commons Attribution licence. Reuse requires users to: - comply with the conditions stated for each individual product;- provide the exact product-specific citation from the TERN or CSIRO data record;- cite the scientific publications describing the methodologies;- identify the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia;- provide a reference to the SLGA source; and- indicate that the source material has been transformed. General source attribution: Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia, CSIRO and Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network — TERN. Derived-product attribution: Derived 250 m soil-property dataset based on the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia products listed in the source-provenance inventory. Source products licensed under Creative Commons Attribution. Modifications included clipping, reprojection, spatial aggregation, depth harmonisation, unit conversion and alignment with the HILAM modelling grid. The derived soil-property files are released under CC BY 4.0, subject to retention of all product-specific source attributions and citations. The dataset creators do not claim ownership of the source soil observations, environmental covariates or original SLGA products. Neither CSIRO, TERN nor the contributing soil-data custodians have reviewed, validated or endorsed the derived 250 m soil layers. 6. Bureau of Meteorology climate observations 6.1 Source The meteorological observations used to prepare the model forcing were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology — BoM through the Weather Station Directory, Climate Data Online or an associated climate-data service. The stations used were: 55006; 55065; 55337; 55014; 55183; 55311; 55190; 55202; 55024; 61419; 61392; 61431; 55046; 55049; 55255; 55066; 55244; 55056; 55057; 55026; 55157; 55069 The variables used included: - daily precipitation;- daily maximum air temperature;- daily minimum air temperature;- solar radiation;- relative humidity;- wind speed. The temporal coverage used for model preparation was: 01/01/2014 to 31/12/2023 6.2 Processing The climate-data preparation included, as applicable: - selection of stations;- screening of station availability;- extraction of the required variables;- treatment of missing observations;- temporal consistency checks;- quality-control screening;- unit conversion;- gap filling;- interpolation between stations;- calculation of derived variables;- formatting for SWAT;- assignment of stations to subcatchments or modelling units; and- generation of weather-generator statistics. 6.3 Redistribution restriction The original Bureau of Meteorology station observations are not included in the publicly downloadable files of this repository. The Bureau of Meteorology provides access to some station observations without charge. However, free access or download does not by itself constitute permission for unrestricted onward redistribution. The public BoM pages used to obtain the observations did not identify the downloaded station series as being licensed under CC BY 4.0. Under the Bureau’s default copyright terms, content without specific open-licence terms may be downloaded and used personally or within an organisation, but must not be supplied to another person or used commercially without permission. For this reason, this repository provides only: - the identities and numbers of the stations used;- the variables and periods selected;- the provenance and access dates;- descriptions of quality-control and processing procedures;- scripts or instructions that allow authorised users to reconstruct the climate inputs; and- references to the official Bureau of Meteorology access service. It does not redistribute: - original BoM daily or sub-daily observations;- bulk copies of station-data files;- model-ready time series that reproduce or substitute for the original observations; or- other BoM material whose onward distribution has not been expressly authorised. Users wishing to reproduce the climate forcing must obtain the observations independently from the Bureau of Meteorology and comply with the terms applicable at the time of access. If a written data licence or redistribution authorisation is subsequently obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology, the access conditions and file inventory may be updated in a new version of this Zenodo record. Recommended acknowledgement: Climate observations were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. © Commonwealth of Australia, Bureau of Meteorology. The Bureau of Meteorology has not evaluated or endorsed the processing, gap filling, interpolation or model-ready climate inputs prepared by the repository creators. 7. File-level licensing Different components of the research workflow have different rights and redistribution conditions. The intended licence allocation is: A. Derived Geoscience Australia elevation files:Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, retaining the Geoscience Australia attribution and exact source citation. B. HILAM land-use allocation files:Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, retaining the ABARES/ACLUMP attribution and identifying all modifications. C. Derived SLGA soil-property files:Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, retaining the product-specific SLGA, CSIRO, TERN and author citations. D. Original HILAM documentation and lookup tables:Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. E. Original software code:[MIT LICENCE / GNU GPL / OTHER SELECTED SOFTWARE LICENCE]. F. Bureau of Meteorology station observations and climate time series:Not publicly redistributed unless covered by a specific licence or written permission authorising onward supply. Only statistics are provided for hydrological modeling in .csv file. The CC BY 4.0 licence selected for this Zenodo record applies only to the files over which the repository creators have the right to grant that licence. It does not override third-party rights or terms attached to source material. 8. Copiright statement Copyright © 2026 David Rivas Tabares and the dataset creators for the original HILAM spatial allocation, data harmonisation, derived-grid preparation, coding, documentation and other original contributions. Pre-existing copyright, database rights and other rights in the source data remain with the Commonwealth of Australia, Geoscience Australia, ABARES, the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, CSIRO, TERN, the Bureau of Meteorology, participating state and territory agencies and their respective rights holders. No ownership is claimed over the unmodified source datasets or the underlying observations. Bureau of Meteorology observation files are not redistributed through this repository unless expressly identified as being covered by a licence permitting such redistribution. 9. No endorsement Reference to Geoscience Australia, ABARES, ACLUMP, the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, CSIRO, TERN, the Bureau of Meteorology, the Commonwealth of Australia, the Government of New South Wales, the European Union or the European Research Council is made solely to identify data provenance, institutional responsibility or research funding. Such reference does not imply that any of these organisations: - participated in the HILAM allocation;- approved the processing methodology;- reviewed the deposited files;- verified their accuracy;- certifies their suitability for any purpose;- endorses the interpretations of the repository creators; or- endorses any subsequent product, decision or publication based on the files. 10. Accuracy, uncertaimnty and fitness for purpose The datasets are provided for scientific and research purposes on an “as is” and “as available” basis. Although reasonable care was taken in their preparation, the repository creators do not warrant that the datasets are complete, error-free, continuously available or suitable for any particular purpose. The products incorporate uncertainty inherited from the source datasets and additional uncertainty introduced through: - clipping;- reprojection;- aggregation;- resampling;- class harmonisation;- depth conversion;- model-oriented spatial allocation;- patch regularisation;- gap filling;- interpolation; and- other processing operations. The source soil-property products are spatial predictions and may contain errors, artefacts and substantial local uncertainty. The source land-use information may represent different mapping dates and scales in different parts of the study area. The HILAM agricultural allocation is a modelling representation and not an observed parcel-level reconstruction. Users are solely responsible for: - assessing fitness for their intended purpose;- consulting the original metadata and documentation;- independently validating the data where necessary;- retaining all mandatory source attributions;- complying with the applicable source licences;- identifying additional changes;- obtaining any permissions required for onward redistribution; and- avoiding use of the files for decisions requiring parcel-level, legal, regulatory, engineering or operational accuracy. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, the repository creators accept no responsibility for direct or indirect loss, damage, cost or adverse consequence arising from the use, inability to use, interpretation or redistribution of the files. Nothing in this statement excludes or limits any responsibility that cannot lawfully be excluded. 11. Rights-holder notification and correction procedure The repository creators have made a good-faith effort to identify the source-data providers, relevant rights holders, licences, mandatory citations, attribution requirements and redistribution conditions applicable at the time of deposit. Any data provider or rights holder who believes that a deposited file has been incorrectly attributed, inadequately documented or made available under incompatible conditions is invited to contact: David Rivas-TabaresIMDEA Water [e-mail] The notification should identify: - the affected file;- the relevant rights or conditions;- supporting documentation; and- the corrective action requested. Upon receipt of a sufficiently substantiated notification, the repository creators will promptly review the matter and, where appropriate: - correct the metadata or attribution;- restrict access to the affected file;- replace the affected file;- remove the file from a new dataset version; or- request withdrawal of the affected material from the repository. The inclusion of this procedure reflects a commitment to responsible data stewardship and does not constitute an admission of infringement, fault or liability. 12. Provenance records CLIMATE_STATIONS.csv contains station identifiers, variables, periods and provenance information but does not contain the original Bureau of Meteorology observations. 13. Citation requirements Users of the derived elevation layer must cite: 1. this Zenodo dataset;2. the exact Geoscience Australia elevation product; and3. Geoscience Australia as the original data provider. Users of the HILAM land-use layer must cite: 1. this Zenodo dataset;2. the exact ABARES or ACLUMP source product;3. ABARES and ACLUMP; and4. the HILAM methodological publication once available. Users of the soil-property layers must cite: 1. this Zenodo dataset;2. every individual SLGA product used, including its version and DOI;3. the authors identified in each product record;4. the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia;5. CSIRO and TERN, as required by the product records; and6. the relevant methodological publications. Users reconstructing the climate forcing must acknowledge the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and obtain the original observations independently under the applicable BoM conditions. Until the HILAM methodological article has been published, this Zenodo record should be cited as the primary description of the HILAM processing applied to the Namoi case study. 14. Funding acknowledgment This dataset was prepared in connection with the WaterTheft project, grant agreement No. 101124884. Funded by the European Union under GA 101124884. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.