Cellular dynamics of pig-to-human kdiney xenotransplantation [single cell RNA-seq]

We performed comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses of the two porcine xenografts and their contralateral untransplanted kidneys to dissect xenotransplantation-associated cellular dynamics and xenograft-recipient interactions. We additionally performed longitudinal bulk RNA-seq on core biopsies to dissect the time-resolved physiological changes of the xenografts and longitudinal scRNA-seq of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to detect recipient's immune responses across time. Overall design: Xenografts and contralateral control kidneys went through the same procedure for preparation of transplantation. Kidney tissues from xenograft and control kidneys in both cases were collected at the end of the study (54 hours). PBMC samples were collected from the recipient in case 2 at the following timepoints: pre-transplant (0 h) and then at 6h, 12h, 24h, 48h, and 53h (right before termination).