Development pathways and strategies for enhancing resilience of underground space in China’s megacities

As China’s urbanization enters the phase of enhancing quality and efficiency of existing assets, megacities are facing dual pressures of resource constraints and safety risks. Underground space, as a key carrier for urban resilience, holds urgent strategic significance for high-quality development. This study systematically analyzes the current status, challenges, and future trends of underground space development in China’s megacities, focusing on two core issues: “resilience enhancement of existing underground space” and “resilience-oriented development of deep underground space”. It proposes a systematic development path covering “digital base–intelligent platform–key technologies–collaborative governance”. The study emphasizes the need to comprehensively enhance the disaster prevention, emergency response, and rapid recovery capabilities of underground space through the construction of a 3D digital twin base, an intelligent monitoring and control platform, a resilience enhancement technology system integrating materials, equipment, and platforms, and a cross-departmental collaborative governance mechanism. For deep development, the study proposes a full-chain scientific path covering “planning–design–construction–operation” and a resilience governance framework coordinating “planning–operation–policy”, aiming to provide systematic strategic references for the resilient development of underground space in China’s megacities.