Appendices

(Appendix A) General theory—describes a class of age-dependent senescent rate functions that generalize the constant rate form considered in the main text, and which includes the effect of negative senescence. Examples of these more-general forms are developed.
(Appendix B) Simulated birth and death probabilities—describes the simulation model in more detail, the Marginal Value Theorem, and further simulation results, including for stochastic environments.
(Appendix C) Mathematical conditions for decreasing R(x)—contains technical mathematical proofs of conditions under which functions b0(x) can be found for which R(x) is monotonically decreasing in x.
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