Frequencies of IL-17A+ lymphocytes are higher in small intestinal biopsies of patients with untreated celiac disease (Untreated CD) compared to controls both within the epithelium and in the lamina propria.

1Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) positively stained for IL-17A (IL-17A+) and Foxp3 (Foxp3+) by indirect immunohistochemistry.2Number of positively stained cells per mm2.3NS = not significant, P-value >0.05.