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Exact Numerical Construction of Maximal Stabilizer Renyi Entropy (M2) Bipartite Two-Qudit Fiducial States Across Prime Dimensions d = 5 to d = 37

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Zenodo2026-10-29 更新2026-11-05 收录
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Determining the maximum achievable second-order Stabilizer Renyi Entropy (M2), also known as non-stabilizerness or "quantum magic," for bipartite two-qudit pure states in prime local dimensions d is a fundamental open problem in quantum resource theory and fault-tolerant quantum computation. Recent theoretical work (Knipfer et al., 2026) conjectured that for any prime dimension d, the maximum bipartite non-stabilizerness saturates the exact analytical bound: M2*(d) = ln( d^4 / (2d^2 - 1) ) This bound corresponds to a Weyl-Heisenberg (WH) covariant mutually unbiased basis (MUB) fiducial state whose squared expectation values across all d^4 bipartite Weyl-Heisenberg displacement operators take exactly three discrete levels: 1 on the identity operator, 0 on (d^2 - 1) commuting stabilizer operators, and 1/d^2 on all remaining (d^4 - d^2) non-commuting operators. While this bound has been proven analytically for d = 2 and d = 3 and observed numerically for d = 5, constructive verification for higher prime dimensions (d >= 7) has remained an open challenge due to the O(d^4) growth of the operator algebra and the proliferation of local traps in the 2d^2-dimensional continuous state space. In this work, we report the constructive discovery and machine-precision verification of explicit bipartite two-qudit fiducial states across all ten prime dimensions d = 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, and 37 (spanning Hilbert spaces up to dimension d^2 = 1,369 with 2,738 real continuous degrees of freedom and d^4 = 1,874,161 bipartite Weyl-Heisenberg operators per state evaluation). Every constructed state saturates the exact M2*(d) = ln(d^4 / (2d^2 - 1)) bound to double-precision machine accuracy (residual gap |Delta M2| <= 8.88 x 10^-16) and is further verified in 120-digit arbitrary-precision arithmetic. Summary of Constructive Prime-Dimension Results: d = 5 (Hilbert dim 25, 625 WH operators): Bound ln(625/49) = 2.545931351625775 | Achieved M2 = 2.545931351625775 | Gap = -4.44e-16 | Exact MUB Spectrum: 1 / 24 / 600d = 7 (Hilbert dim 49, 2,401 WH operators): Bound ln(2401/97) = 3.208929617717871 | Achieved M2 = 3.208929617717871 | Gap = 0.00e+00 | Exact MUB Spectrum: 1 / 48 / 2,352d = 11 (Hilbert dim 121, 14,641 WH operators): Bound ln(14641/241) = 4.106784157702827 | Achieved M2 = 4.106784157702826 | Gap = -8.88e-16 | Exact MUB Spectrum: 1 / 120 / 14,520d = 13 (Hilbert dim 169, 28,561 WH operators): Bound ln(28561/337) = 4.439714499493785 | Achieved M2 = 4.439714499493786 | Gap = +8.88e-16 | Exact MUB Spectrum: 1 / 168 / 28,392d = 17 (Hilbert dim 289, 83,521 WH operators): Bound ln(83521/577) = 4.975011109716765 | Achieved M2 = 4.975011109716766 | Gap = +8.88e-16 | Exact MUB Spectrum: 1 / 288 / 83,232d = 19 (Hilbert dim 361, 130,321 WH operators): Bound ln(130321/721) = 5.197116779380813 | Achieved M2 = 5.197116779380814 | Gap = +8.88e-16 | Exact MUB Spectrum: 1 / 360 / 129,960d = 23 (Hilbert dim 529, 279,841 WH operators): Bound ln(279841/1057) = 5.578786877846361 | Achieved M2 = 5.578786877846362 | Gap = +8.88e-16 | Exact MUB Spectrum: 1 / 528 / 279,312d = 29 (Hilbert dim 841, 707,281 WH operators): Bound ln(707281/1681) = 6.042039186537281 | Achieved M2 = 6.042039186537282 | Gap = +8.88e-16 | Exact MUB Spectrum: 1 / 840 / 706,440d = 31 (Hilbert dim 961, 923,521 WH operators): Bound ln(923521/1921) = 6.175347655172028 | Achieved M2 = 6.175347655172027 | Gap = -8.88e-16 | Exact MUB Spectrum: 1 / 960 / 922,560d = 37 (Hilbert dim 1,369, 1,874,161 WH operators): Bound ln(1874161/2737) = 6.529053941536219 | Achieved M2 = 6.529053941536218 | Gap = -8.88e-16 | Exact MUB Spectrum: 1 / 1,368 / 1,872,792Across 98.97 billion total Weyl-Heisenberg operator contractions, no state in any prime dimension exceeded M2*(d), providing strong constructive and numerical confirmation of the conjectured bound through d = 37. This deposit includes the full manuscript, summary tables, and the complete set of 4,734 explicit normalized complex state-vector amplitudes (Re(psi_k), Im(psi_k) to 16 decimal places) in CSV and JSON formats so that any independent researcher can directly verify the Weyl-Heisenberg MUB overlap spectra and M2 saturation.Authors note: The hardest part was setting up the problem. Running it was fast. Thank for reading. RJW

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2026-10-29
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