Characterization of antibiotic resistance and host-microbiome interactions in the human upper respiratory tract during influenza infection [human host RNA-seq]

Antibiotic resistance genes expressed in the upper respiratory tract of patients infected with influenza viruses were associated with the microbial community and microbial activities. Interactions between the host systemic responses to influenza infection and ARG expression highlight the importance of antibiotic resistance in viral-bacterial co-infection. Transcriptome profile from PBMCs of 37 human subjects 1-2 days post illness onset with influenza-like symptoms (Initial) and 30-45 days later (Final). The specific influenza strains were verified by RT-PCR.