Prevalence of cognitive impairment in Brazilian indigenous community from Amazonas

ABSTRACT. Studies on the prevalence of dementia in the indigenous population are still scarce worldwide. In the few available studies, prevalence evidence varies from low to very high, with early onset of the disease and high mortality rate after the initial diagnosis. Still, little is known about the rate of dementia in indigenous populations from low- and middle-income countries, where the dementia prevalence in the general population is estimated to increase significantly in the next decades. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated factors in Brazilian indigenous people of the Mura ethnicity in Amazonas, Brazil. Methods: A total of 217 indigenous individuals aged 50 years and older from Amazonas, Brazil, were submitted to cognitive assessment. Attention, memory, verbal fluency, visuospatial performance, and mood state composed the cognitive impairment diagnosis. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 43.3% (95%CI 36.6-49.7) and varied according to age [OR=1.03 (95%CI 1.00-1.06)], education [OR=0.74 (95%CI 0.62-0.87)], body mass index [OR=0.91 (95%CI 0.83-0.98)], and income [OR=0.52 (95%CI 0.27-0.99)]. Conclusions: Cognitive impairment had an early onset in an indigenous community, and its prevalence was greater in older individuals with low education and low family income. These findings highlight the importance of implementing public indigenous health policies focusing on health professional training for early cognitive impairment detection.