Baseline characteristics of participants with baseline and follow-up measurements.

BMI = Body mass index, HbA1c = haemoglobin A1c, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low-density lipoprotein. Data in parentheses are standard deviations following means or percentages following n. aEducational level is the highest education achieved and is classified as: low = secondary education, primary education, or less; middle = low vocational training, lower secondary education, intermediate vocational training, and higher secondary education; and high = higher vocational training or university. bCut-off values for population of South Asian origin.