Synergistic mechanisms of selected microbial fermentation and black soldier fly larvae on sugarcane bagasse conversion: Insights into the growth performance and transcriptional profiles of gut

Sugarcane bagasse, a major byproduct of sugarcane produced in a large quantity after industrial processing of sugarcane, is causing serious threat to human health, biodiversity, and ecosystem stability. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) offer a promising solution for organic waste management by converting it into insect protein. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of selected microbial fermentation and BSFL on sugarcane conversion, as well as the influence of fermented sugarcane bagasse on the BSFL growth performance and gut transcriptional profiles. Our results revealed that the fermented sugarcane bagasse increased the body weight, survival rate, and substrate conversion efficiency of BSFL. Additionally, transcriptome analysis indicated upregulation of key genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, chitin biosynthesis, and defense mechanism that are known with the roles on nutrient transport, weight regulation and development, and immune system activation. These findings underscore the potential of integrating microbial fermentation and BSFL in sustainable waste management, offering a promising approach to mitigate the challenges posed by organic waste.