Supplemental Figure 2

Effects of environmental conditioning and dietary organic acid and pure botanical supplementation on in vivo intestinal permeability measure by (A, C) Cr concentrations in plasma and (B, D) area-under-the-curve (AUC) after a pulse dose of Cr-EDTA in pregnant multiparous lactating Holstein cows. Figures A and B are relative to Cr-EDTA challenge on day 3 of heat stress conditioning. Figures C and D are relative to Cr-EDTA challenge on day 13 of heat stress conditioning. Cows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments at enrollment: unsupplemented thermoneutral conditions (TN-Con, n = 12), heat-stress with no organic acids and pure botanicals (OA/PB) supplementation (HS-Con, n = 12), thermoneutral conditions pair-fed to HS-Con (TN-PF, n = 12), HS supplemented with OA/PB (75 mg/kg of body weight [BW]; AviPlus R; VetAgro S.p.A., Italy; HS-OAPB, n = 10). Control cows (not supplemented with OA/PB) received a matching dose of the lipid matrix. ┴HS-Con vs. TN-Con, Treatment × Time, P < 0.15. *HS-Con vs. TN-PF, Treatment × Time, P < 0.15. ‡TN-PF vs. TN-Con, Treatment × Time, P < 0.15. †HS-Con vs. HS-OAPB, Treatment × Time, P < 0.15.