ICOADS 国际海-气综合数据集

ICOADS 提供了三个世纪以来的海洋表层资料。其中2º×2º 格点数据为1800 年至今的资料，而1º×1º 为1960 年至今的数据。这些数据和产品分布于全球范围，其源于不同的观测系统，这些观测系统包含了几百年来观测技术的变化，因此，ICOADS 资料可能是目前最完整的和最多样化的海-气综合数据集。具体来说，每个变量都分为"standard"和"enhanced"两部分数据，反映的是质量控制、混合数据的差异。"standard"资料用其气候数据的3.5σ（标准差）进行限制校订，观测数据仅限于船舶观测。"enhanced"资料则使用范围更广泛的4.5σ（标准差）进行校订，以更好地描述极端气候事件，其使用了船测和其他海上平台原位观测（现场观测）类型数据（如，漂流浮标和系泊浮标）。

ICOADS provides ocean surface datasets spanning three centuries. The 2°×2° gridded datasets cover records from 1800 to the present, while the 1°×1° gridded datasets span data from 1960 onwards. These datasets and products have global coverage, originating from diverse observational systems that reflect centuries of advancements in observation technologies. As such, ICOADS is likely the most comprehensive and diverse air-sea integrated dataset currently available. Specifically, each variable is split into two datasets: "standard" and "enhanced", which reflect differences in quality control and blended data processing. The "standard" datasets are constrained and calibrated using 3.5σ (standard deviation) of their corresponding climatological data, with observational data limited solely to ship-based measurements. The "enhanced" datasets, by contrast, employ a broader 4.5σ (standard deviation) calibration to better characterize extreme climate events, incorporating data from both ship-based observations and in-situ measurements from other marine platforms such as drifting buoys and moored buoys.