Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing Dataset for Water Quality Monitoring of the Surya River (2019–2025), Palghar District, Maharashtra, India

This dataset contains 634 multi-temporal observations of satellite-derived water quality indices collected from the Surya River in Palghar District, Maharashtra, India, spanning the period from 2019 to 2025. The dataset was developed using imagery acquired from the Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) to support water quality assessment and machine learning applications. The dataset includes a timestamp date and four widely used spectral indices that characterize different aspects of water quality like Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) which is used to identify and delineate water bodies,Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) which enhances open water features while suppressing built-up land and vegetation,Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI) which ia an indicator of water turbidity and suspended sediments,Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI) which is used to estimate chlorophyll concentration and monitor algal growth. This dataset has been developed as part of ongoing doctoral research on Water Quality Monitoring using remote sensing data.