Water-Repellent Soil Remediation by Surfactant Application Using a Drip-Irrigation System

This dataset contains data collected from field studies of water movement through the soil using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), laboratory analysis of the soil's chemical properties, and wettability. The field is irrigated with wastewater, leading to the development of soil water repellency. This study investigated the drip application of a nonionic surfactant as a remediation approach to the soil water repellency with 0, 5, and 10 g/L surfactant concentrations.

***Study Objectives***
we investigated the effect of applying a nonionic surfactant to a water-repellent soil surface via a drip-irrigation system on SWR remediation. The efficacy of this treatment method was assessed based on (1) remediation of preferential flow pathways, and (2) spatial homogenization of soil moisture and chemical distribution within the soil profile.

*Instrumentation*
All ERT measurements were carried out using SYSCAL Junior (Iris Instruments, France) multi-electrode resistivity meter. Soil analysis was done in a commercial lab according to standard procedures.

*Data Description*
The data included in this data set has been organized into separate excel sheets according to the figure list below:

Figure 1 - Spatial variation of electrical resistivity over time in treated wastewater (TWW)-irrigated plots.
Figure 2 - Temporal changes in electrical resistivity (ER) measured before, during, and after irrigation in the treated wastewater (TWW)-irrigated plot treated with 0 mL/m2 surfactant #20 (2019).
Figure 3 - Temporal changes in electrical resistivity (ER) measured before, during, and after irrigation in the treated wastewater (TWW)-irrigated plot treated with 5 mL/m2 surfactant #20 (2019).
Figure 4 - Temporal changes in electrical resistivity (ER) measured before, during, and after irrigation in the treated wastewater (TWW)-irrigated plot treated with 10 mL/m2 surfactant #20 (2019).
Figure 5 - Temporal changes in electrical resistivity (ER) measured before, during, and after irrigation in the treated wastewater (TWW)-irrigated plot treated with 0 mL/m2 of surfactant #20 in 2020 and 2021.
Figure 6 - Temporal changes in electrical resistivity (ER) measured before, during, and after irrigation in the treated wastewater (TWW)-irrigated plot treated with 10 mL/m2 surfactant #20 in 2020 and 2021.
Figure 7 - Mean soil water content, saturation degree, soil organic matter (SOM), EC, Cl, N-NO3, Na, P-Olsen, K, Ca+Mg, SAR, and PAR, sampled from 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm.
Figure 8 - Mean values of saturation degree, soil EC, Na, Cl, N-NO3, P-Olsen, K, Ca+Mg, SAR, and PAR, sampled every 25 cm along a line transect from 0–40 cm depth.
Figure 9 - Average water drop penetration time (WDPT) across the soil surface for plots drip-treated and soil samples sprayed with 0, 5 and 10 (mL/L) surfactant #20.
Figure S1 - Temporal changes in electrical resistivity (ER) measured in 5 mL/m2 surfactant #20 in 2020 and 2021.
Figure S2 - Mean values according to treatment plots.

本数据集汇集了通过电导率层析成像（ERT）对土壤中水分运动进行的现场研究数据，以及土壤化学性质和润湿性的实验室分析数据。该研究区域采用废水进行灌溉，导致土壤水分排斥性的形成。本研究旨在探讨使用非离子表面活性剂进行点滴灌溉，以0、5和10克/升的表面活性剂浓度作为修复土壤水分排斥性的方法。研究目标包括：（1）修复土壤中的优先水流路径；（2）土壤剖面中水分和化学分布的空间均一化。*研究工具*所有ERT测量均采用法国Iris Instruments生产的SYSCAL Junior多电极电阻率计进行。土壤分析在商业实验室按照标准程序进行。*数据描述*数据集包含的数据已根据以下图例组织成单独的Excel表格：图1 - 处理后的废水（TWW）灌溉地块的电导率随时间的变化空间分布；图2 - 在2019年，使用0毫升/平方米表面活性剂#20处理的处理后的废水（TWW）灌溉地块在灌溉前后及灌溉过程中测量的电导率（ER）的变化；图3 - 在2019年，使用5毫升/平方米表面活性剂#20处理的处理后的废水（TWW）灌溉地块在灌溉前后及灌溉过程中测量的电导率（ER）的变化；图4 - 在2019年，使用10毫升/平方米表面活性剂#20处理的处理后的废水（TWW）灌溉地块在灌溉前后及灌溉过程中测量的电导率（ER）的变化；图5 - 在2020年和2021年，使用0毫升/平方米表面活性剂#20处理的处理后的废水（TWW）灌溉地块在灌溉前后及灌溉过程中测量的电导率（ER）的变化；图6 - 在2020年和2021年，使用10毫升/平方米表面活性剂#20处理的处理后的废水（TWW）灌溉地块在灌溉前后及灌溉过程中测量的电导率（ER）的变化；图7 - 从0-20厘米和20-40厘米深度采样的土壤水分含量、饱和度、土壤有机质（SOM）、电导率（EC）、氯离子、硝酸盐氮（N-NO3）、钠、 Olsen磷、钾、钙镁（Ca+Mg）、盐分比率（SAR）和光合有效辐射（PAR）的平均值；图8 - 沿着0-40厘米深度线状横断面，每隔25厘米采样的饱和度、土壤电导率、钠、氯离子、硝酸盐氮（N-NO3）、Olsen磷、钾、钙镁（Ca+Mg）、盐分比率（SAR）和光合有效辐射（PAR）的平均值；图9 - 对施加0、5和10毫升/升表面活性剂#20的点滴处理地块和土壤样品进行喷雾处理后的平均水滴渗透时间（WDPT）；图S1 - 在2020年和2021年，使用5毫升/平方米表面活性剂#20测量的电导率（ER）的变化；图S2 - 治疗地块的平均值。