LEXICAL BORROWING AND ITS IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN UZBEK VOCABULARY

Lexical borrowing is one of the most significant processes contributing to the development and enrichment of modern languages. The expansion of international communication, scientific cooperation, technological innovation, and cultural exchange has intensified the introduction of foreign lexical elements into contemporary Uzbek. This article investigates the linguistic characteristics, adaptation mechanisms, and communicative functions of borrowed vocabulary in modern Uzbek. The study employs descriptive, comparative, and qualitative linguistic analysis to examine the interaction between borrowed lexical units and the phonological, morphological, and semantic systems of the receiving language. Particular attention is devoted to English-derived terminology in technology, education, economics, and digital communication. The theoretical analysis indicates that lexical borrowing contributes to terminological development and communicative flexibility while creating challenges related to standardization, orthographic consistency, and the preservation of established native equivalents. The study concludes that borrowing represents a natural mechanism of linguistic development whose effectiveness depends on functional necessity, systematic adaptation, and appropriate language planning.