Ghost City Occupancy Index (GCOI) Dataset: Vietnamese New Towns and HCMC Residential Projects, 2010–2024

This dataset supports the empirical analyses reported in "Reverse Death Spiral of Supply-Led Ghost Cities: Formalising and Testing the Structural Failure Mechanism of Vietnamese New Towns" (submitted to Urban Geography).
The dataset comprises three components. First, GCOI (Ghost City Occupancy Index) scores and component indicators for five Hanoi-area new towns (Vinhomes Ocean Park, Ecopark, Nam An Khanh, Thu Duc City, Binh Duong New City), including VIIRS nighttime light-based occupancy rate estimates (NTL-OCR, blooming-corrected), electricity consumption-based occupancy rate estimates (OCR_util), and commercial facility opening rates, covering 2010–2024. Second, a project-level monitoring dataset of 68 newly launched residential projects in the Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area (2022–2024), including presale rates, occupancy conversion rates (OCR), speculative occupancy gaps (SOG), primary and secondary market prices, and product type classifications. Third, Nam An Khanh system dynamics calibration outputs, including observed vs. model-predicted OCR trajectories (2010–2024) and counterfactual simulation results.
VIIRS nighttime light data were processed using Google Earth Engine (GEE); processing code is provided in the accompanying appendix. Primary market data were sourced from the National Housing Organization (NHO) internal project monitoring database, cross-referenced with Batdongsan.com.vn and CBRE Vietnam (2022). All data are reported at the project or new town level; no individual-level personal data are included.