Post-Translational Regulation of the Responses to Different Exercise Modes

Different exercise modes yield distinct metabolic outcomes. To identify the underlying molecular mechanisms driving divergent responses to different exercise modes, we investigated post-translational signaling events in skeletal muscle in response to an acute bout or 12 weeks of high-intensity interval aerobic (HIIT) or resistance (RT) exercise training. Despite similar transcriptional responses to acute aerobic or resistance exercise, the greater metabolic demand of aerobic exercise was accompanied by a robust skeletal muscle phosphoproteomic response to structural, contractile, and membrane transport machinery, including the nascent polypeptide-associated complex α (NACA). Chronic adaptations to HIIT and RT show distinct global, phospho-, and acetyl-proteomic adaptations. HIIT induced substantial global and acetylproteomic adaptations to mitochondrial proteins, suggesting enhanced regulation of mitochondrial function. RT regulated phosphoproteomic adaptations to contractile/cytoskeletal machinery, suggesting enhanced contractile function. Overall, these findings offer comprehensive insights into the intricate molecular adaptations of skeletal muscle underlying metabolic and physiological adaptations to different exercise modes. This data set contains the raw mRNA count data utilized in the study.