Use of MTA in teeth with incomplete root formation or open foramina: introduction of a protocol and report of clinical cases

Apexification is the endodontic procedure performed in order to induce the formation of a physical barrier of mineralized tissue in teeth with incomplete root formation. It is mainly performed when, for any reason, pulpal necrosis occurs in teeth with incomplete root formation and also in those cases where the foramen is open, due to root resorption. In these situations, conventional endodontic treatment becomes difficult or virtually impossible, because of the large foramen. The apexification procedure, in these cases, is generally performed by means of successive changes of calcium hydroxide dressings, aiming to induce the formation of a physical barrier of mineralized tissue, thus permitting the obturation of root canals. The protocol introduced in this article, as well as the clinical cases reported, illustrate an option for faster treatment, conducted within three sessions, by using a MTA cap or plug, material that offers good biological and physical properties.