Key factors promoting professional development in golf: a mixed-studies systematic review

Globally, millions participate in golf, however, the likelihood of transitioning to a professional level is only 0.006%. Success as a professional golfer is uncertain, even for individuals who attain this status. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the most significant research findings identifying factors that promote professional development in golf, thereby aiding aspiring golfers in their journey toward becoming professional athletes. Following a segregated design, quantitative and qualitative research findings were analysed using meta- and thematic analyses. Electronic searches were conducted in Scopus, Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus™, Web of Science™, and EbscoHost™. Search terms included golf, athlete development, professional golfer, and golfer transition. The eligibility criteria included studies written in English from 2007 to present. The electronic search yielded 7216 records, and after evaluation, the review included 24 qualitative and 33 quantitative studies. The study identified seven main topics related to the professional development of golfers, namely the expertise of the caddie, the quality of coaching, the developmental environment of golfers, availability of funds, competition-specific training, strong psychological skillset, and physical conditioning. The review highlights the need for all stakeholders in a professional golfer’s environment to adopt a holistic approach to enhance golfers’ professional development and maximize their performance potential.