Characteristics of the individuals included in the current study (n = 247) according to the colonoscopy and pathology results.

*Advanced neoplasia: advanced neoplasia included advanced adenomas (adenomas measuring >10 mm or adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, or in situ carcinoma) and invasive CRC (invasion of malignant cells beyond the muscularis mucosae); † Pearson chisquare or Fisher tests or Student Test or Wilcoxon tests as appropriate; ‡ includes those individuals who are under any particular regimen (diabetes, vegetarian, hyper proteic, hyper vitaminic etc…); ⊥No antibiotics;