Refined Astragalus-Echinacea compound polysaccharides attenuate macrophage pyroptosis by dual modulation of the cAMP-PKA and TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathways

Refined Astragalus-Echinacea compound polysaccharides attenuate macrophage pyroptosis by dual modulation of the cAMP-PKA and TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathways. Refined Astragalus-Echinacea compound polysaccharides attenuate macrophage pyroptosis by dual modulation of the cAMP-PKA and TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathways. 1. Morphological characterization of the refined Astragalus-Echinacea compound polysaccharides (C-APS), including ultrastructural observation by electron microscopy and determination of average molecular weight by atomic force microscopy. 2. Evaluation of the biosafety profile of refined Astragalus-Echinacea compound polysaccharides in J774A.1 macrophages. Pyroptosis was induced in J774A.1 macrophages using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The anti-pyroptotic effect of C-APS was assessed by Hoechst 33342/PI staining and ELISA detection of caspase-1, caspase-3, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels. Mechanistic studies were conducted using pathway-specific inhibitors (MDL12330A, H89, RDR02308, TJ-M2010-5). The data are saved in Excel format and are directly accessible. Unauthorized use is prohibited without the explicit permission of the owner.