Development and prospects of multidisciplinary design optimization software for complex engineering systems

The design of complex equipment is increasingly characterized by high dimensionality, multi-disciplinarity, multi-objectives, and multiple constraints. As a result, multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) software has become a core technological tool for independent development and performance enhancement of such equipment. This paper systematically reviews the current development status of international MDO software, the technical evolution of domestically developed platforms in China, and their engineering application practices. It compares the development features of MDO software both domestically and internationally, and draws valuable insights for the advancement of China’s MDO technology. Building on this analysis, the paper further explores future development trends, including algorithmic intelligence, coupled multidisciplinary optimization, platform integration, closed-loop engineering implementation, and the maturation of industrial ecosystems. It also identifies key technical challenges, such as algorithmic complexity, system-level optimization efficiency, cross-tool workflow automation, engineering validation closed loops, and industrial ecosystem development. Finally, the paper proposes potential breakthrough directions and development strategies, emphasizing the need for algorithmic innovation, platform engineering, digital twin applications, and industrial collaboration to drive continuous progress in domestically developed MDO software—toward autonomy, engineering feasibility, and industrial maturity. This will provide essential technical support and innovation capacity for high-end manufacturing sectors such as aerospace, shipbuilding, and energy equipment.