The Dataset for Paper Threshold Velocity of Wind-Blown Sand under Jezero Crater–Like Martian Conditions Dataset

The dataset for the paper “Threshold Velocity of Wind-Blown Sand under Jezero Crater–Like Martian Conditions” Introduction This supporting information provides the experimental datasets, imagery, and quantitative analysis results used to substantiate the findings presented in the main text. The file contains four supplementary tables presenting the particle size distribution of the JMSS-1 simulant, experimental threshold wind speeds and corresponding threshold friction velocities measured under varying chamber pressures, and the quantitative morphological parameters of terrestrial, simulant, and Martian grains. Table S1 details the particle size distribution of the JMSS-1 simulant. Table S2 and Table S3 present the raw wind tunnel data, listing the measured threshold wind speeds for varying grain sizes under simulated Martian surface pressure and the threshold friction velocities for 127 μm particles across a range of atmospheric densities (~700–1500 Pa), respectively. Finally, Table S4 provides the comparative morphological analysis (Circularity, Aspect Ratio, and Solidity) of terrestrial sand, JMSS-1 simulant, and Martian grains identified from Perseverance SuperCam RMI imagery (Sol 315). Table S1. Particle Size Distribution Data (Figure 2) This dataset contains the laser diffraction particle size analysis results for the JMSS-1 simulant samples used in the wind tunnel experiments. The data presents the cumulative volume percentage (Volume %) as a function of particle diameter ($D_p$ in μm) for four distinct sieving grades: 52.33 μm: Fine-grained component. 93.25 μm: Medium-grained component (closest to the optimal saltation size). 150.45 μm: Coarse-grained component. 277.55 μm: Very coarse-grained component. These distributions were used to characterize the sorting and mean diameter of the bed materials tested in the low-pressure wind tunnel. Table S2. Measured threshold wind speed ($u_t$) for particle initiation under simulated Martian atmospheric pressures (S2) This dataset presents the critical free-stream wind velocities required to initiate saltation for four distinct grain size fractions (Dp = 52.33, 93.25, 150.44, and 277.54 μm). Experiments were conducted in a low-pressure wind tunnel with chamber pressures maintained between 699 Pa and 716 Pa to simulate the surface environment of Jezero Crater. Each grain size includes three independent replicate measurements to quantify experimental repeatability. Table S3. Measured threshold friction velocities ($u_{*t}$) for 127 μm particles under varying chamber pressures(S3). This dataset includes the threshold friction velocity at different test pressures. Experiments were conducted at three nominal pressure levels (~700, ~1000, and ~1500 Pa) to investigate the effect of atmospheric density on particle entrainment. For each pressure condition, three independent replicate trials (denoted as 1, 2, and 3) were performed to ensure data reliability. Table S4. Quantitative morphological parameters of terrestrial, simulant, and Martian grains (Figure_5). This dataset presents the raw values for Circularity, Aspect Ratio, and Solidity calculated via 2D image recognition algorithms. The data compares three sample groups: terrestrial sand, JMSS-1 simulant, and Martian grains. The Martian particles were identified from two SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager (RMI) frames captured by the Perseverance rover on Sol 315 (January 8, 2022) in the northeastern South Séítah region (18.43°N, 77.44°E). Code S1. Shape Factor Analysis Code A MATLAB script (Code_S1_shape_factor_analyze_code.m) developed to process particle images. The code performs the following functions: Image binarization and segmentation. Boundary extraction of individual grains. Calculation of 2D shape parameters (Circularity, Aspect Ratio, and Solidity). This script allows for the replication of the morphological methodology applied to both the laboratory samples and the Martian RMI imagery. Imagery. Shape Factor Analysis images This imagery includes the following images: Figure_S1_Sand sample-original.png; Figure_S2_JMSS-1 sample-original.png; Figure_S3_Jezero Crator_Sand sample-original.png; Figure_S4_Sand enhanced gray.png; Figure_S5_JMSS-1 enhanced gray.png; Figure_S6_Jezero Crator_Sand sample enhanced_gray.png; Figure_S7_Jezero Crator_Sand sample pick.png.