木竹生質材料利用與能源開發研究 Study on utilizing and energy developing of woody and bamboo biomass

以本計畫所產製之竹質顆粒與民間具燃燒木質顆粒鍋爐設備廠家合作，完成刺竹、長枝竹、麻竹、綠竹等4種竹質顆粒燃料試驗，其溫度均超過1000℃，其中以麻竹竹質顆粒達1062℃為最高，綠竹達1006℃較低。4種竹質顆粒燃料爐渣殘留量均少，可達到目前業界使用木質燃料顆粒熱值需求。另延續以不同條件蒸煮爆碎法處理長枝竹進行製漿，並將漿料以酵素水解方法，予以糖化，評估紙漿化學組成分、醣類組成分分析、紙張物理性質及糖化率等性質。於紙漿化學組成分方面，隨處理強度增強，各成分的含量均呈現降解現象，其中以半纖維素之降解程度為最大，其次為木質素，再其次為纖維素；於糖類組成分析中，以glucose含量最高，其次為x y l o s e 。x y l o s e 部分， 當預處理溫度為2 0 0 及2 1 0 ℃ 時， 隨著處理時間延長，xylose降解程度愈高。紙張物理性質中，當處理強度為3.85時，於稀硫酸用量超過0.5%時，抗張強度、撕裂強度、破裂強度及耐摺力則愈差。光散亂係數方面，三種稀硫酸用量所得漿料，呈現相近值，顯示三者漿料之纖維間結合強度相近。於酵素水解糖化率方面，經過蒸煮爆碎後之漿料可促使糖化率明顯提高，從長枝竹原料的30.6%的糖化率，經過蒸煮爆碎後之平均糖化率為87.4%，提高2.86倍。
The burning tests of the four bamboo fuel pellets from thorny bamboo, long-branch bamboo, ma bamboo, and green bamboo were implemented using boiler, which was made by private manufactory in Taiwan special for wood pellets needs. The results show that the heating temperature from these 4 bamboo pellets all over 1000℃. Among them, the highest heating temperature could reach 1062℃ of ma bamboo pellet, the heating temperature of the green bamboo pellet was relatively lower with 1006℃. There were only small burning residues of these 4 bamboo pellets, what could match industry needs in practice. In addition, different conditions
were used to treat Bambusa dolichoclada chips by the steam explosion method for pulping. The resulting pulps were enzymatically hydrolyzed to sugars. The pulp chemical compositions, handsheet physical properties and saccharification rates were compared. With respect to pulp chemical compositions, along with increasing treatment intensity, all component content tended to degrade. Hemicelluloses suffered the greatest degradation, it was followed by lignin and cellulose was the least affected. Composition analysis of sugars indicated that glucose predominated, followed by xylose. At treatment temperature of 200 and 210℃,the longer the treatment time, the greater xylose degraded. As for handsheet physical properties, at treatment intensity of 3.85, dilute sulfuric acid dose exceeding 0.5% resulted in pulps having poor tensile, tear and bursting strengths. Three different sulfuric acid doses resulted
in handsheets with similar light scattering coefficients. Enzymatic hydrolysis results suggested that steam exploded pulp effectively
enhanced saccharification rates, from the original B. dolichoclada chips value of 30.6% to 87.4% for the exploded pulp, a 2.86-fold increase.